ACTA TECHNICA NAPOCENSIS - Series: APPLIED MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS, and ENGINEERING
History of the Journal Beginning with no. 35/1992, of the scientific Bulletin of the Cluj-Napoca Polytechnic Institute, edited since 1958, will continue to appear under the new name ACTA TECHNICA NAPOCENSIS, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca. This message has appeared in Romanian and in English by the year 2002, on the same page with the College editorial office. The magazine enjoys a good name and good reputation has a both in country and abroad, as seen from the list of works and of Xerox copies of the file. I WILL PASS THE PERIODICITY AND THE NAME ACCORDING TO THE RECORDS OF THE LIBRARY OF UTCN: SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN, SERIES: MATHEMATICS-PHYSICS-MECHANICS APPLIED, 1977-1979 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY 1979-1982 MATEAMATICA-APPLIED MECHANICS-CONSTRUCTION MACHINES 1983 – 1989 APPLIED MATHEMATICS MECHANICS 1990 – 1991 ACTA TECHNICA NAPOCENSIS SERIES: APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS 1992 to CONTINUE Since 1992 the scientific Bulletin of IPCN was divided into 4 separate magazines, each has a name and serial number ISSN assigned, with an Editor of the series. One of these represents ACTA TECHNICA NAPOCENSIS, Sesies: Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, ISSN 1221 – 5872, series editor: Prof. Dr. IOng. Mariana ARGHIR, being unchanged since 1992. Each article has a summary in English, French or German, and at the end of each article is article title and summary in English, and finally it has a title and an abstract in Romanian. In 2007 the magazine was named by CNCSIS in category B, the situation in which the magazine has its own web page, and in 2009 became class B +, with registration in the database world COPERNICUS. The fields are: 1A Mathematics; 1B Informatics; 2A Mechanical engineering; 2F Industrial engineering The Code Commission: 2. Commission for Science Engineering
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DEVELOPING CURRICULUM AND COURSE CONTENT FOR HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV) EDUCATION USING VIRTUAL AND AUGMENTED REALITY (VR/AR) TECHNOLOGIES
This study focuses on the development of a framework for training content and Virtual Reality (VR)/Augmented Reality (AR)-supported digital training materials (DTMs) for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (HEVs) education. As part of an ongoing EU Erasmus+ Strategic Partnership Project, the research adopts a multidisciplinary design-based methodology to enhance teaching and learning outcomes in HEVs maintenance and service-related topics within Vocational Education and Training (VET). Recognizing the challenges of establishing uniform educational infrastructure across VET institutions, VR/AR-supported DTMs aim to provide accessible and equitable education solutions. The study outlines methodologies and results for designing content and curricula tailored to hybrid and electric vehicle technologies, guiding the development of HEVs training course pedagogy and curriculum. The outputs of this project are anticipated to significantly benefit a diverse range of learners, from vocational high school students to engineering faculty graduates and professionals in the workforce, fostering global accessibility and inclusivity in HEVs education.
ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMIZING THE HYDRAULIC CYLINDER PLACEMENT FOR MULTI-SCISSOR LIFT PLATFORMS
There are many applications that use scissor-type mechanisms for lifting platforms or robots. The platform stroke is greatly amplified compared to the actuator stroke, which is why the driving force is much greater than the load. The size of the drive system is chosen based on the maximum force and therefore it is important that this is minimized. The paper analyzes the influence of the actuator placement, in order to reduce the forces and optimize the drive system. The optimization algorithm can be applied to platforms with two or more scissors and consists of the following steps: determining the dimensions and number of scissors, kinematic analysis to determine the actuator motion law, and finally optimizing the actuator connection points.
THE INFLUENCE OF PLASTIC INDOOR MATERIALS ON HEALTH: A SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS USING WEB OF SCIENCE AND VOSVIEWER
This research seeks to examine the impact of plastic materials used in indoor environments on human health from a scientometric standpoint. Drawing on literature indexed in the Web of Science database, the study maps prevailing research trends, identify leading contributors, and highlights the main thematic directions in this domain by employing VOSviewer software. The outcomes of the analysis not only advance understanding of the health-related consequences of indoor plastics but also provide meaningful insights to inform future scholarly work and policy development.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ARDUINO-BASED AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR HYDROAGRICULTURAL EFFICIENCY
This study explores an Arduino-based automated irrigation system aimed at improving hydroagricultural efficiency through precision and adaptability. Using sensors to monitor soil moisture, temperature, and other environmental factors, the system enables real-time, plant-specific irrigation decisions. Arduino microcontrollers process sensor data to dynamically control irrigation frequency and duration, optimizing water usage and enhancing plant health. Tested in a cultivation scenario, the system demonstrates potential for sustainable agriculture by reducing water waste and improving crop management. This research contributes to precision agriculture, illustrating how technology integration can support efficient resource use and better crop management practices.
CONTRIBUTION OF ERGONOMICS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY 5.0 CONTRIBUTION OF ERGONOMICS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY 5.0
This paper aims to identify the role of ergonomics in the advancement of Industry 5. 0, with the aim of attaining a human centric approach. It presents four key ergonomic principles: incorporating human operators in the design of equipment, using the knowledge of the workplace, engaging the teams in the design process, and understanding the constraints of technology. The paper proves that these principles are ergonomic and related to Industry 5. 0's human-centric approach. Thus, these principles can be used to design systems and environments that are more appropriate for people, considering their strengths and weaknesses, which is in line with Industry 5.0’s vision of designing industrial processes with people at the center.
INFLUENCE OF THE U-JOINTS ARRANGEMENT OF THE CARDAN SHAFTS ON VIBRATIONS AND MOVEMENT UNSYNCHRONIZATION
The paper explains through the presented mathematical model, the importance of cardan shaft phasing. In the case of the cardan shaft with perpendicular U-joints (compared to the one with coplanar U-joints), a high degree of non-uniformity of movement occurs which will lead to vibrations with negative implications on premature wear of the transmission as well as high discomfort. For construction with perpendicular U-joints, synchronism is recommended and the inclination angle of cardan shaft should not exceed 6 degrees, in which case the degree of non-uniformity of the movement would not exceed 3%.
HIGHLIGHTING BY MEASUREMENTS OF THE MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS PRODUCED BY A FANUC MACHINE TOOL ON A "FEMALE" HUMAN OPERATOR
The paper is part of the doctoral thesis, which studies the action of vibrations on an operator, who serves a FANUC machine tool when idling. In the work, measurements are made on the operator when transmitting vibrations from the machine tool through the operator's feet, who is placed on a pedestal on which there is a rubber mattress. Measurements are made with the SVAN 958 vibrometer, step by step on both legs, up to the abdomen, which constitutes the lower part of the body of the "female" operator, considered a solid, with the three characteristics, of mass. Shock absorber and spring. Through these measurements, it is sought to prove that the health of the "female" operator is affected by exposure to vibrations.
AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABLE ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES
Organizational processes are constantly changing and improving. The globalization of the economy has led to the development of the technologies used and the definition of new organizational system architectures. The research methodology consists of a qualitative and quantitative evaluation. To identify the characteristics of the neural network nodes in the input layer, research was used by questionnaire. After identifying the characteristics of the input layer, the neural network model was designed to improve organizational processes and financial statements. The research results show that AI is increasingly integrated in the decision-making process and in achieving organizational efficiency. The limitations of the research refer to the fact that the research was applied to the Western Region of Romania.
PSYCHOSOCIAL RISKS DIMENSION IN DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
The decision-making process represents one of the most important dimensions of management in organizations, affecting the efficiency and the adaptability capacity in the organizational environment. Therefore, knowledge of factors influencing the decision-making process is essential. In this context, an IT decision support system was designed with mission to facilitate the activity of decision-makers (managerial staff in an organization), located at different management levels (from the supervision of technological processes to top management), in the sense of making decisions better (more effective) and documented. One of the main elements of this system, and of the whole decision-making process, was considered the psychosocial environment and its risk factors have been investigated.
RISK MATTERS: HOW EFFECTS BETWEEN IMPULSIVE, COMPULSIVE BUYING AND BRAND KNOWLEDGE
The research explored how perceived risk moderates the relationship between impulsive buying, compulsive buying, and brand knowledge. A 6-month cross-sectional survey was used to collect data among a variety of different respondents with relevant behaviors by stratified random sampling. Scales of impulsive shopping, compulsive spending behaviors, brand expertise and perceived risk had been drawn upon for the previous studies. The results also show that while impulsivity and variety seeking have a positive effect on brand knowledge, the strength of their impact declines as perceived risk increases. Limitations include the cross-sectional nature of these analyses and self-report bias; thus, generalizability may be limited. This groundbreaking study demonstrates that the de-risking of consumer behavior can be an effective strategy, which may inform both marketing and policy making.
ERGONOMIC AND NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE OPERATOR OF A DYNAMIC TESTING MACHINE
The aim of this study is to determine what posture the operator of the dynamic testing machine should use at work to maintain good health. In the proposed paper, a posture assessment using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) ergonomic method is performed for the operator's work when changing the jaws of the dynamic testing machine without or with the use of a step ladder. The documented postures were evaluated using a worksheet and the ErgoFellow 3.0 software suite, applying the REBA method. The research results have been used for recommendations for the operator to take preventive measures and wears hearing protective equipment such as earplugs or earmuffs during the cyclic tests. In addition, it is necessary to carry out regular hearing tests.
THERMAL TREATMENT OF THE BRAKING SYSTEM: SIMULATION AND MODELING IN ABAQUS
This paper investigates the influence of heat treatments on the performance of the braking system, using numerical simulation methods performed in Abaqus. Through a coupled thermomechanical analysis, the temperature and stress distributions in the brake components subjected to intense operating conditions were studied. The developed model allowed the evaluation of the behavior of the heat-treated materials, revealing a reduction in plastic deformations and a more efficient thermal dissipation. The study contributes to the optimization of the geometry and materials used in the braking system components, proposing solutions for increasing safety and durability in automotive and industrial applications.
In this paper we have tried to make a connection between these two important concepts in design. Both ergonomics and sensory design are tied by the human senses and for us it was a challenge to define together this important direction of design. In our research study we have found a lot of examples which are relevant for defining the rules for each one and, of course, the usual rules. The Human factor is very important not only in ergonomics, but we have noticed in sensory design, at the same time. For us it was an interesting field of study because we have had three main factors to deal with: the human senses, the equipment and the environment understand this connection we have learned about a lot of knowledge from anatomy and physiology, social psychology, environment, statistics and even philosophy. This paper is only the beginning; we may say our first step in this wonderful field of interaction between humans and objects.
EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGICAL REGIMES FOR DEHYDRATION OF PEARS BY COMBINATION OF CONVECTION AND MICROWAVES
The aim of this work is to determine the efficient technological regimes for dehydration of pears by combining convection and microwaves. In order to achieve the proposed aim, an experimental dryer has been developed, which specifically applies the combined fruit treatment process. Pears in particular were selected as the object of the research, as these fruits are more sensitive than others to both the technological processing and storage processes, and their dehydration by currently used methods is less efficient. The main results of the carried out research, obtained by applying the crafted pears dehydration plant, are: increase of the process speed and quality of the processed fruit, reduction of electricity consumption and processing costs. The significance of the research’s results includes the solution to a number of pressing problems currently faced by companies specializing in fruit processing, in particular by significantly increasing the efficiency of the pear dehydration process, based on the establishment of optimal technological parameters and treatment regimes by combining convection and microwaves, with a predominant increase in productivity, energy efficiency, quality of final products and profitability.
POLLUTION FACTORS IN ELECTRIC ARC WELDING
Electric arc welding is a manufacturing process that involves the existence of several factors with unfavorable effects on the environment. An analysis of the electric arc welding process allowed some clarification of the effects of polluting factors specific to this process. By using the systemic analysis method, the polluting effects generated by the electric arc welding process were highlighted. Considering the need for as much reasoned allocation of available financial resources to combat the polluting effects, the double-entry matrix method was used. In this way a somewhat justified ordering of the polluting effects became possible. It was found that the most intense polluting effect is determined by the number of harmful gases released, followed by visible radiation.
A STATISTICAL-COMPUTATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR TRANSIENT AVAILABILITY ANALYSIS IN A COMPLEX SYSTEM
This study proposes a statistical-computational framework to analyze the transient availability of a complex system. A Markov-based model is developed using state transition diagram, with governing differential equations derived to capture dynamic system behavior. The solution is implemented computationally via matrix methods in C++, enabling efficient evaluation of availability under continuous failure and repair processes. To statistically characterize transient-state dependencies, time-availability relationships are investigated using correlation and regression analysis in SPSS. The integrated methodology combines techniques from reliability engineering, applied mathematics, and data analytics, providing a rigorous approach for assessing and optimizing system performance during transient operations.
A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO ANALYZING THE TRANSIENT AND STEADY STATE AVAILABILITY IN A COMPLEX SYSTEM
This paper outlines a methodology for analyzing the availability of a complex system within the printing industry under both transient and steady-state conditions. The study utilizes a transition diagram to develop a mathematical model of the system. Differential equations governing the system are derived using the Markov approach. The matrix method is implemented in C+ programming to determine the availability of intricate systems with continuous failure and repair rates. The study investigates the impact of failure and repair rates on the long-term availability of various subsystems. Furthermore, this research adopts a multidisciplinary approach, integrating techniques from engineering, mathematics, computer science, data visualization, management, and broader system analysis.
A MULTIDIMENSIONAL VECTOR-BASED MODEL FOR QUANTIFYING CONSCIOUSNESS INSPIRED BY LLM ARCHITECTURES
This paper presents a mathematical framework for modeling consciousness using a multidimensional vector space, inspired by large language model (LLM) architectures. Each axis represents a fundamental feature of consciousness, with normalized measurement protocols enabling comparisons across biological and synthetic agents. An interaction matrix models cross-axis influences, and the Consciousness Score (CS) is computed as a composite measure. Example calculations are performed for three agents: a human adult, GPT-like AI, and a simple robot. Results are visualized with a heatmap of inter-axis interaction and Pareto analasys charts.
BIOMECHANICAL RESPONSE OF A LEFT DELTOID MODEL TO BOWEN TECHNIQUE STIMULI
This study analyzes the distribution of mechanical stresses in the left deltoid muscle using photoelasticimetry, an advanced experimental method based on the accidental birefringence property of optically active materials. Anatomical models made of epoxy resin (EP14NV) were fabricated to replicate healthy human geometry, simulating manual stimuli from Bowen therapy. Three rigid models (M1–M3) were statically loaded (13.42–28.12 N), and stress fields were analyzed using a circular polarization polariscope. The results revealed distinct isochromatic fringe patterns, quantitatively correlating load magnitude with stress propagation in the anterior/posterior fascicles. While the study confirms the utility of photoelasticity in biomechanical modeling, limitations such as the absence of real viscoelasticity highlight the need for model refinement. The results demonstrate a direct correlation between load magnitude and stress propagation in the anterior/posterior fascicles, suggesting optimal force ranges for Bowen Therapy applications. This validates photoelasticimetry as a tool for non-invasive therapy assessment. This research opens new perspectives in the assessment of non-invasive muscle therapies
EGO STATES USED IN COMMUNICATING INFORMATION ABOUT SAFE WORKING AND THE SUCCESS OF OSH TRAINING
The research paper studies the concept of behavioral safety, combining in a new, but very necessary way information from the field of organizational psychology, clinical psychology with all the information related to the management of injury and illness risks. The absolute novelty of this concept is that, for the first time, the focus shifts from the mechanical application of structured parenting-style protection measures to two-way active communication based on finding solutions that influence the employee to adopt proactive behavior. Understanding the ego states of both communicators and receivers is the key to activating the triggers of behaviors that underlie both improved management of occupational injury and illness risks and increased organizational safety.
SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE PASSENGER COMFORT DURING A FLIGHT
In aviation, the passenger experience is critical to an airline's success. Airlines are compelled to continue to innovate to offer high quality services and to differentiate themselves in the market, given the quite increased competition and the growing passenger expectations. In-Flight Entertainment (IFE) is provided by airlines to ensure passenger comfort and entertainment during long journeys. The Airbus A380, which is among the largest and most prestigious aircraft in the world, has been designed to offer passengers high comfort and unique experiences. The introduction of advanced technologies can significantly enhance the in-flight experience for business class passengers seeking comfort and entertainment for relaxation. In this context, the article presents the integration of a gaming system into the business class furniture of the Airbus A380 aircraft as a solution towards achieving enhanced comfort.
A HYBRID LOCOMOTION MOBILE ROBOT WITH REAL-TIME MOTION MODE DECISION AND OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE
In this study the design and development of a robotic system with hybrid locomotion, capable of step climbing and obstacle avoidance were conducted. The robot's motion system was a hybrid design, incorporating a three-wheeled leg mechanism that enables it to climb steps and traverse flat ground. A path planning and obstacle avoidance structure with the name of Direction Based Angle Calculation was proposed and tested. Furthermore, an algorithm that classifies the obstacles encountered by the robot according to their length and shape was proposed. Experimental tests, motion and transmission, obstacle avoidance, motion type determination was applied to measure the mechanical system and algorithm performances of robotic system. The outcome of these tests included the assessment of mechanical transmission and motion systems for step, obstacle climbing and linear ground movement. It was determined with all results from those applied tests that the mechanical transmission and motion systems are adequate for stair climbing and linear movement. Furthermore, it was observed that the developed direction-based angle calculation approach was sufficient for route planning and obstacle avoidance.
ERGONOMIC, AFFECTIVE AND EMOTIONAL DESIGN AS A PROJECT DESIGN APPROACH FOR THE EVOLUTIVE CHILDREN’S FURNITURE
The focus in product design is on the functionality and utility of the product. However, it is essential to consider what features must be implemented to promote a greater emotional attachment to the product. Thus, the general objective is to design a more suitable and durable children’s furniture, specifically a chair that can accommodate a child's growth from 6 months to 7 years, allowing them to attach themselves because affection can be the most critical product feature. The development of the concept started from a study based on interviews to illustrate the feelings of children through the eyes of the parents towards the chair used, and the results showed that a design based on Tripp Trapp should be the starting point.
A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND CRITICAL REVIEW OF VEHICLE NOISE CONTROL STRATEGIES
This article develops a theoretical framework and presents a critical review of contemporary vehicle noise control strategies, focusing on their classification, functional principles, and integration potential. Active, passive, hybrid, and adaptive-passive systems are systematically analyzed in terms of acoustic performance, control algorithms, and material-based attenuation. A research trend analysis based on data from Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar reveals growing scientific interest in hybrid solutions and sustainable approaches. Special attention is given to acoustic comfort as a predictor of cognitive performance, health, and in-vehicle well-being. The proposed framework aims to guide the development of next-generation, energy-efficient, and high-performance noise control architectures for automotive, aerospace, and rail transport applications.
SOUND INFILTRATION IN VEHICLES: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERIOR–EXTERIOR NOISE
This study investigates the transmission of noise from the vehicle exterior into the cabin using a quantitative approach based on real acoustic measurements conducted under both stationary and dynamic conditions, across varied terrain. Statistical correlation and linear regression methods were applied to identify significant relationships between engine speed and the equivalent continuous sound pressure levels (Leq(A)) measured inside and outside the vehicle. Results indicate a robust acoustic dependency, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.646, confirming the validity of the proposed model. The study provides a relevant tool for evaluating vehicle acoustic performance and supports engineering design decisions aimed at reducing interior noise levels perceived by occupants.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS IDENTIFIED IN TELEWORKING AND ONLINE EDUCATION
This article aims to present general elements of cognitive ergonomics and their evolution over time and to make a comparison between the impact that cognitive ergonomics has in telework and online education by interviewing users. It is already very well known that many fields have adapted to the current needs of society and that these changes bring with them both advantages and disadvantages. In order to constantly concern ourselves and improve the well-being of telework and online education users, some directions will be drawn to improve the working and learning environment based on the answers of the interviewees
The paper presents a brief history of the current situation on the part of ergonomics in automotive companies related IMES systems as well as key points from a process that highlights the importance of ergonomics procedures in a company. The ergonomics part is very important within the IMES systems because in addition to the management of the resources, management of the movements of the operators can be done. The integration of IMES and ergonomics is vital for the following reasons: Safety and Productivity, Quality Control and Sustainability. The integration of ergonomics and IMES enhances human performance and resource efficiency, hence supporting sustainable production practices in the automotive sector. The study also includes the maintenance part of an IMES system from an ergonomic point of view and comes with some recommendations in different maintenance steps.
NAVIGATING THE TEMPEST – A DECISIONAL PROCESS FOR STORM DAMAGE MANAGEMENT IN RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE
This article examines the impact of severe weather on railway infrastructure and operational continuity, with a focus on the response to storm Zoltan in Germany in December 2023. The paper analyzes the direct and indirect effects of such events on rail services and emphasizes the importance of a swift and structured response from infrastructure managers to minimize customer impact, using Lost Units to gauge the impact. It also scrutinizes the decision-making process for addressing storm damage, highlighting the need for prioritized, strategic action. The proposed comprehensive approach demonstrates how strategic planning and prioritization can enhance the resilience of railway operations against extreme weather events.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY: ALIGNING YOUTH PERSPECTIVE FOR FUTURE ERGONOMIC WORKSPACES
The impacts of climate change extend beyond national boundaries and possess the capacity to disturb global ecosystems, economies, and cultures. The process of imparting knowledge to the next generation plays a crucial role in addressing and reducing the variables that contribute to this. To address the issue of climate change, it is imperative to prioritize the utilization of ecologically sustainable energy sources. Consequently, a study targeting the youth demographic was conducted. The primary aim of this research was to encompass the intersection of youth perspectives on sustainable energy sources within the context of future ergonomic workspaces. The integration of these perspectives can lead to the development of work environments that are both energy-efficient and conducive to health, well-being, and productivity. The study showed a specific focus on renewable energy, emphasizing that these sources not only have positive effects on the environment but also improve employee well-being using ergonomic practices.
STUDY BY MEASUREMENTS OF THE ACTION OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS PRODUCED BY A FANUC MACHINE TOOL ON A HUMAN "MALE" OPERATOR
The paper is a natural continuation of the study of the action of vibrations on an operator servicing a FANUC machine tool when idling. In the work, measurements are made on the operator when transmitting the vibrations from the machine tool through the feet of the 'male' operator, to the abdomen, which summarize the vibrations transmitted through both legs. Measurements are made with the SVAN 958 vibrometer that transmits vibrations through a triaxial accelerometer having the three main directions of the body. Through these measurements, it is sought to prove that the health of the "male" operator is affected by exposure to the vibrations produced by the machine tool.
STUDY ON THE INTEGRATION OF POLYAMIDE IN AUTOMATED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
The paper analyses how polyamide is integrated into modern automated production systems, with a focus on industrial applications such as CNC machining, 3D printing, and robotics. The advantages of using polyamide, especially polyamide 6 with carbon fiber, for manufacturing lightweight, wear-resistant, and chemically stable components are highlighted. The study also explores the role of IoT platforms and intelligent control systems in optimizing industrial processes, emphasizing current industry trends in production automation and digitalization.
FOCUS AREAS FOR IMPROVING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PERFORMANCE: IDENTIFYING KEY PROCESSES
This study explores the real-world application of safety performance indicators, focusing on the difficulties faced in practice. To investigate these challenges, a case study was conducted in a Hungarian chemical factory, analysing the practical issues associated with safety performance management. The research identified specific corporate areas and processes that require increased managerial attention, while also examining the factors that influence the effectiveness of performance management. Findings indicate that the practical application of KPIs frequently deviates from the theoretical framework, highlighting a critical gap between concept and execution. One of the most significant challenges observed is the preparedness of middle and senior managers to effectively utilize performance indicators in decision-making. This gap suggests the need for further training and organizational adaptation to enhance the efficiency of safety performance management.
ERGONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR PHYSICAL THERAPISTS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF REHABILITATION TECHNOLOGIES
Physical Therapists are specialists in human movement, biomechanics, musculoskeletal injury treatment and prevention. Worldwide physical therapy has been recognized as a very physical demanding profession with a high prevalence of Work-Related Injuries and Disorders. The review focuses on the existing literature with the purpose of better understanding the main factors for the injury of the physical therapist and if these can be prevented. We have concluded that there is an acute need for providing the physical therapists with the necessary assistive devices and rehabilitation technologies to prevent work-related injuries and improve ergonomics.
ERGONOMICS RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE INDUSTRY (ERMI)
In Romania, most workers' health problems are caused by work situations in which ergonomic principles and regulations are not respected. It was found that in many situations, not only the workers, but sometimes even those responsible for safety and health at work, do not know these ergonomic principles and rules, this fact reveals that, at the enterprise level, there is no management conscious, assumed and planned for the ergonomic risks. In this article, we propose a systematic, step-by-step approach to effective management of ergonomic risks. This methodology was implemented in several companies in Romania, and the results, both in terms of workers' health and work productivity, were excellent.
OPTIMIZING WINE TOURISM THROUGH ERGONOMICS: A MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS
Effective business management is always based on making wise decisions. In wine tourism, collaboration with different partners is necessary for the success of the business. A single managerial decision can influence the company's profit, evolution, and reputation. The present study provides an application model of multicriteria analysis in management decision-making for a wine tourism company. Through qualitative and statistical analysis of tourists' comments and SWOT analysis, the company's problems were identified. The multi-criteria analysis conducted indicated that the expansion into new market segments is the optimal option for increasing the profit and occupancy rate of the accommodation unit. Multicriteria analysis can also be applied in other fields, helping in making objective decisions.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY WORK OF PRINTING PRESS OPERATORS FROM AN ERGONOMIC POINT OF VIEW
The paper presents ergonomic aspects regarding the work of press operators in a printing house. It is proven that the organization and logistics of the workplace influence the comfort and efficiency of workers on the technological flow. The problem of lateral cutting of the stamped roll has been solved by adding two longitudinal knives on the die, thus eliminating the use of disc knife holders. Thus, the auxiliary adjustment time and the postural effort of the printing operators were reduced, who, for each stamping, adjusted the disc knives from unfavorable positions, imposed by the construction of the stamping machine.
IMPROVING THE MANAGEMENT OF ACTIVITIES AND EMPLOYEE HEALTH USING A WEB APPLICATION
Our research focus is increasing the productivity and performance of the employees. Soon enough we observed that there are little instruments to quantize or measuring this aspect. The next logical step was to create such an instrument. Firstly, we search for similar products, but none offered all the necessary aspects. This article is about our implementation of a software capable to measure the productivity of employees, to compare the values between different management methods, giving us the possibility to make objective assessments for our future research. We also compared our solution to what we found to be used for similar purposes.
ASSESSMENT FOR THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF WORKERS DURING WORK USING THE MAXM METHOD
The purpose of the paper is to provide a new perspective in the evaluation of occupational safety and health risks of workers, since protecting employees in every aspect related to professional activity is a key factor in ensuring decent and sustainable working conditions for all workers. The authors are applying the new proposed calculation method for the evaluation of hazards for occupational safety and health (MAXM). Work process demands, when they involve significant job demands that do not match the worker's skills, information and needs, especially when the worker has no control over his work and does not receive adequate support to cope with the demands (considered stressful), are a potential risk factor. There is no single risk assessment method suitable for all areas of activity.
THE RELATION BETWEEN ERGONOMIC FACTORS, EMPLOYEE TURNOVER AND CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS. AN EMPIRICAL CASE STUDY IN AN AUTO REPAIR SHOP
Job satisfaction and work well-being are fundamental needs of every employee. Of course, because of their relative and personal level of perception, sometimes management are not up to date with their personnel opinions and feelings about work environment conditions. Staff dissatisfaction leads to high employee turnover and the fluctuation of staff results in errors and faults, further causing customer complaints and in the end loss of profit. In this research, by examining the case of a maintenance and car repair company, the scope is to establish a link between the performance of the employees and the improvement of their working conditions and how ergonomics can support a company's business strategy to stay competitive. Also, we establish that there is a correlation between ergonomic factors, employee satisfaction, employee turnover and customer complaints.
RISK MITIGATION APPROACH FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS MANAGEMENT
The paper aims to re-design the documented training system in accordance with the employees’ evaluations; a case study within Romania’s public institutions is proposed. In line with the digital transformation component in institutions, the opportunity for developing a digital risk assessment strategy that reduces medical costs, supports the prevention of working injuries and employees’ effectiveness increase, has been identified. Starting with the risk identification, then assessing the potential risks’ impact and the probability of occurrence, a digital solution has been developed for employees’ training in line with emergency situations and occupational safety and health regulations. Data centralization and tracking presents multiple benefits; the solution has the potential of transfer in other professional contexts.
ACCIDENTAL, ERGONOMIC AND CHRONIC RISK ASSESSMENT TOOLS WITHIN GAÏA FRAMEWORK IN A MULTINATIONAL MANUFACTURING COMPANY
In Romania the quasi-generalized use of a single indigenous developed method has greatly reduced the effectiveness of the risk assessment approach, not allowing the particularization of techniques used to the variety of concrete situations and conditions encountered in organizations. This instrumental limitation generates in the cascade multiple disadvantages. This paper summarizes the results of research that illustrates the existing experience in a multinational industrial company, on the complementary application of several methods of risk assessment to achieve the level of excellence of safety culture development. Results obtained are benchmarks for effective guidance of OHS practitioners, experts, risk assessors and managers, in planning, organizing, conducting and capitalizing on the process of assessing occupational risks.
AutoCAD is commercial CAD software used across multiple industries for 2D and 3D drafting and modeling. Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language and computing platform used across numerous domains. The following paper describes how AutoCAD can be programmed from Java using COM Automation via Jacob Library.
ERGONOMICS AND WORK SAFETY STUDIES AT ÓBUDAI UNIVERSITY'S OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LABORATORY. A SYNTHESIS OF MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS
This paper presents comprehensive research on occupational safety and health (OSH) practices in Hungary, focusing on advancements in ergonomics, performance measurement, safety culture, and hazard prevention. It explores integrating AI and digital tools to improve workplace safety and prevent injuries. The study covers various industries, including healthcare, manufacturing, and correctional services, offering practical solutions for enhancing leadership commitment to OSH standards. By fostering networking and bringing together diverse capacities, the paper aims to contribute to developing robust OSH practices and improving workplace well-being.
AUTOMATED EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF A RATIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS
Informed and rational decision making in today's fast-paced manufacturing environment is essential to increase efficiency, optimize costs and maintain the competitiveness of manufacturing companies. Modern industry is often faced with the need to evaluate multiple criteria such as: performance, accuracy, roughness, etc. This makes traditional (manual methods) inefficient and error prone. Based on the mentioned requirements and in order to follow the principles of Industry 4.0. for automation of production processes, the paper presents a tool for evaluation and selection of a rational technological process, implemented in the MS Excel environment. The presented methodology, which is implemented in the evaluation tool, and the practical example demonstrate how the flexible adaptation of criteria and their weights can lead to informed decision-making that can benefit both manufacturing companies and other industrial sectors. The developed tool contributes to make informed decisions by providing fast and reliable analysis, in addition to providing information on the stability of the processes under consideration.
MODELING OF OPERATIONS IN DYNAMIC REGIMES OF SUPERCHARGED DIESEL ENGINES USING TRANSFER FUNCTIONS
In the paper is presented a mathematical model based on the transfer functions which is used for establishing the differential equation which expresses the dynamic behavior on working of supercharged internal combustion engines. Mathematical model is based on knowledge of the working characteristics for the stationary regimes and non-stationary ones in their vicinity, for the engines subsystems, such as engine without auxiliary systems, engine turbocharger, exhaust and intake manifold and also the fuel injection system. Are presented transfer functions for each engine subsystems and also like whole supercharged engine, functions that are used for adjusting automatic command and control systems of the engines.
ADAPTIVE LEARNING THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION
The principal objective of this research is to analyze the determining factors of the satisfaction of the use of AI in education among the students at a technical university. The investigated factors include Student-Centric Factors (SCF), Technological factors (TF), Instructional Design Factors (IDF), Environmental factors (EF), and Sustainability factors (SF). This study uses an online questionnaire. The data were collected through a rigorous and comprehensive questionnaire in accordance with the results obtained from VosViewer (research sample consisting of 240 students). The results show that the Student-Centric Factors (SCF), Technological factors (TF), Instructional Design Factors (IDF), Environmental factors (EF), and Sustainability factors (SF) factors contribute to the increase of student satisfaction. Research limitations refer to forming the sample from the students at a single technical university. This research can be extended to other universities, being pilot research now.
REDUCING ACCIDENT RISKS DURING PAPER PROCESSING BY ERGONOMICALLY DESIGNING THE PROTECTION PANELS
The paper studies measure to reduce the risk of accidents in paper processing by ergonomically designing protective panels to safely separate the work cylinder area between the operator and the production machine. It is important to comply with the principles of safety integration in the design and construction of work equipment, as well as ergonomic design principles. At the end of the paper, the results of the research on the design, construction and installation of ergonomic protection panels are presented, located in two planes, to eliminate the risks of accidents of the operators.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF ERP SYSTEMS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS WITHIN A WAREHOUSE
The paper analyzes the impact of ERP systems on the decision-making process and operational efficiency in a medium-sized warehouse. Theoretical aspects regarding the functionalities and benefits of these systems are presented, as well as the need to implement an ERP/WMS solution in the context of the problems identified in the logistics flows. By using the DMAIC methodology and an analysis of performance indicators, it is demonstrated that the implemented system reduced picking time, increased data accuracy and improved collaboration between departments.
DRIVING INNOVATION IN ENGINEERING THROUGH INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING PROJECTS
This paper introduces the Cases for Experiential Learning (CEL) Project, a new framework that engages international, cross-disciplinary teams of engineering students in solving real-world research and industry challenges. The framework combines intensive work sessions, brainstorming activities, reflective discussions on results, virtual collaboration, and a final defense. The proposed activities aim to support both the consolidation of students' theoretical knowledge and the creation of innovative solutions. As a case example, the paper details the CEL project organized at the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca (TUCN) during the 2024 spring semester. The topic of the project challenged students to design a novel robotic gantry system. The students' proposed concepts are presented and analyzed. The results highlight the originality of the proposed solutions and the framework’s potential to foster creativity and interdisciplinary innovation in engineering education.
OPTIMIZING CNC MACHINING TECHNOLOGIES VIA DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURAL EFFECTS
This paper explores the structural optimization of CNC machining processes, considering that in complex dimensional structures, the structural effect manifests as increased machining allowance tolerances, which reduces the degree of technological assurance of accuracy. This structural effect increases the required machining accuracy. The phenomenon of error compensation and its impact on reducing tolerances in both formed technological dimensions and machining allowances is evaluated. The paper proposes a tool for evaluating technological dimensional structures, based on the relationship between acceptable tolerances in formed technological dimensions and machining allowances.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE SUPPLY CHAIN IN THE RAW MATERIALS AREA: A CASE STUDY FOR FMS FACTORY
This paper examines the impact of digital transformation on the order flow in the raw materials (RM) area of the FMS factory, which specialises in the production of custom-made men's suits. The purpose of the research is to evaluate how the implementation of digital solutions optimises processes, reduces repetitive errors, and increases transparency in raw materials management. All of these factors contribute directly to improving organisational performance. The study combines a quantitative analysis, based on data collected between January 2024 and April 2025 (order entry, processing, and output times), with a qualitative analysis using questionnaires administered to employees who worked with both the old and new flows. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research compares the previous flow, based on limited IT systems, with the digitised flow implemented in September - October 2024, testing hypotheses related to reduced processing times, decreased errors, and increased transparency, while also exploring employee perceptions. The expected results indicate a reduction in processing times, fewer errors, and better order tracking. Altogether, these findings highlight the benefits of digitalisation and provide a starting point for future strategies in the textile industry.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON APPLYING CRYOGENIC COOLING BEFORE HARD TURNING OF 100CR6 (AISI 52100)
Turning of hard materials is considered an efficient finishing process, capable of replacing grinding and offering multiple advantages, such as reducing machining costs, increasing productivity and improving surface texture. A full factorial experimental design (DOE) was used to analyze the correlation between input factors — cutting medium (dry and cryogenic), cutting speed and feed — and certain parameters of interest, such as cutting forces and surface quality. The material investigated is a high-carbon and chromium steel, commonly used for the manufacture of bearings, subjected to a heat treatment to obtain a hardness of 61±2 HRC. The study highlights that cryogenic turning, at approximately −30°C, improves the process performance, generating shorter and more fragmented chips due to the embrittlement effect of the material. Also, the surface roughness obtained under cryogenic conditions was better, and although the cutting forces are slightly higher, the overall performance of the process improved significantly by comparation to dry cutting.
NAVIGATING DIGITAL CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: THE ROLE OF ONLINE ENGAGEMENT AND PERCEIVED RISK
The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of perceived risk in an omnichannel environment on compulsive and impulsive buying behavior. Online survey sheets were distributed via email and social media, covering a stratified random sampling of respondents based on criteria for online engagement. Based on regression analysis, channel preference significantly increases online engagement, which in turn leads to compulsive buying. Impulsive buying tendencies can also transition into compulsive behavior. The relationship was moderated by perceived risk, where higher levels of perceived risk led to lower compulsive buying. This exploratory study, based on self-reported data and a cross-sectional design, calls for additional research with larger longitudinal samples, starting with extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).
VIBRATIONS: A SILENT RISK IN WORK-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
Employees are exposed to harmful vibrations in their work environment, which can pose risks to their health and work performance. Excessive vibrations can negatively impact the musculoskeletal system, leading to disorders. This study aims to present a conceptual framework that explores the interactions among external factors such as vibrations, psychosocial elements, workplace risks, and individual characteristics that interact with the musculoskeletal system. The results of this study provide insight into how these factors affect the musculoskeletal system, offering suggestions for creating work environments that can help prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
SAFETY KNOWLEDGE MAPS - A TOOL FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
This paper presents partial results of an INCDPM (Romania) research institute ongoing project. One of the objectives of this project was to design of safety knowledge maps as a training tool in workers’ education in occupational safety and health (OHS). In this paper we present the knowledge map that we designed for occupational risk assessment which is a very important aspect in teaching and training OHS, and the study that we conducted to compare the effectiveness of two teaching methods - traditional lecture methods and a knowledge map - on students' learning outcomes in occupational risk assessment.
RESEARCH REGARDING ECONOMICAL RISKS CAUSED BY ERGONOMICAL ISSUES IN THE WINEMAKING INDUSTRY OF ROMANIA
This research investigates the need for ergonomic improvements in Romania's wine-making industry and the economic impact of the ergonomical issues. The study, conducted through case studies in wineries, has its main objective to identify the most encountered ergonomical related problems that can eventually lead to financial problems. This has both the role to increase awareness and proposes solutions to enhance ergonomic solutions throughout the wine-making process. Not only that these solutions could increase the productivity of the workers but ensure sustainable practices in the vineyards and wine factories, and an increase in economic performance. These solutions include elevated grapevine trails, automatic press loaders, automated packaging platforms, and drone vineyard monitoring. This research aims to identify critical ergonomic shortcomings and propose solutions for a more sustainable and worker-friendly wine-making process.
THE OPERATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SAFETY AND SECURITY OF THE EUROPEAN CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE LIGHT OF ENERGY CRISES
This study explores the operational and technological safety and security of European Critical Infrastructure (ECI) amid escalating energy crises. With the rise of Industry 4.0 and digital technologies—such as IoT, AI, and 5G—CI systems have become increasingly interconnected and vulnerable to cyber threats, natural disasters, and geopolitical tensions. The paper highlights the importance of Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) through multidisciplinary approaches, risk management, and public-private collaboration. Using text analysis and real-world case studies, the authors examine the impact of energy shortages on industrial productivity, economic stability, and societal well-being. The research underscores the urgent need for robust, adaptive strategies to safeguard CI and ensure resilience in the face of growing global energy demands and digital dependencies.
MONITORING OF CONTACT LENS WEARERS FOR ORTHOKERATOLOGY IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF VISUAL COMFORT
The paper analyzes the opportunity to use contact lenses in the field of orthokeratology and their effect on the level of visual comfort for human subjects who have myopia or keratoconus. in the first part of the paper are reviewed some general aspects related to the importance of the characteristics of hard contact lenses for the development of the visual correction process, the management of human subjects with visual dysfunction, and, for the second part to identify the set of optometric evaluations that must form a portfolio of structural analysis. in the third part of the paper, the authors present case studies for subjects wearing orthokeratology contact lenses to identify the evolution of the visual aid procedure and the moments and situations where the most effective, complete and useful level of comfort can be achieved. The results and conclusions from the analysis are presented at the end of the paper.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE QUALITY IN PLA 3D PRINTED COMPONENT USING A DOE APPROACH
Surface roughness is a critical quality parameter in 3D-printed components, influencing mechanical properties, aesthetic appeal, and functional performance. This study investigates the influence of key process parameters on the surface roughness of Polylactic Acid 3D-printed parts using a Design of Experiments approach. A structured experimental methodology was developed to analyze the effects of the default thickness, number of walls and infill density on surface quality, quantified through Ra measurements. The experiments were designed using a Taguchi orthogonal array to optimize parameter combinations while minimizing experimental runs. An ANOVA analysis and a regression model was performed to determine the significance of each factor. The study provides an optimized parameter set for improving the surface roughness of 3D printed parts.
THE IMPACT OF COLOR ON WORKPLACE EFFICIENCY. A STUDY FOR ENGINEERING OFFICES IN THE FIELD OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
This research was carried out in the offices of four multinational companies with an automotive profile in Timisoara (Romania). Through a questionnaire comprising 12 questions on the Google Forms platform, the research addressed employees' attitudes toward the visual environment, the impact of colored walls on work efficiency, desk positioning, the predominant color in the workspace, eye fatigue, and the active perception of wall colors. The conclusions formed the basis for practical recommendations to improve working conditions, emphasizing the importance of color in creating an environment conducive to performance and well-being in the engineering field.
THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON WORKERS' SAFETY AND HEALTH
The present study aims to explore current trends, emerging risks, and the potential effects of digitalization on occupational safety and health. Its specific objectives include analyzing the implications of digital system implementation for worker safety and well-being and examining the types and adoption patterns of digital technologies across organizations. The research was conducted among 96 organizations in Romania, focusing on identifying the range of digital solutions integrated into their operations. The final section of the paper discusses the main conclusions derived from the study, along with the current research limitations and potential directions for future investigation in this field.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS IN THE VICINITY OF WASTE DEPOSITS
The research paper reflects the desire to integrate investigation methods with direct reference to the evaluation of the quality of environmental components in areas located in the vicinity of urban landfills. It is based on an assessment of ecological risk based on data obtained through field and laboratory investigations. Solid waste management is a current problem that unfortunately has not yet found a solution. Improper waste management can have undesirable consequences on the environment and perhaps even on human health. To limit the harmful effects on the environment, landfills must be designed and executed in such a way as to meet requirements whose main objective is to limit the pollution of air, soil and groundwater.
COMPARING THE ERGONOMIC METHODS USED TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF HUMAN BODY POSITION ON VISUAL COMFORT FOR COMPUTER USERS AND PROGRESSIVE LENS WEARERS
The principles of the field of ergonomics applied and used in various studies of behavior assessment in comfort as well as in opportunity studies to identify causes of manifestation of musculoskeletal dysfunctions are increasingly developed to create effective and safe mechanisms of analysis for specialists in the field. Thus, the authors of this paper intend to analyze, in relation to the criteria highlighted in various studies, the opportunity to use one or another of the ergonomic methods in assessing the influence of the human body posture on the level of visual comfort for computer users and progressive ophthalmic lens wearers. In the first part of the paper, some general aspects are reviewed so that in the second part to identify the useful set of ergonomic methods for this combined field - posture and sensory systems. In the third part of the paper, the authors present a case study for a subject, a carrier of progressive ophthalmic lenses and performing computer activity, to identify the most effective, complete and useful method of assessing comfort. The end of the paper presents the results and conclusions from the analysis.
IMPROVING PROCESS MANAGEMENT IN CONTAINER TERMINALS THROUGH MODELING
Container terminal operations are vital for global supply chain efficiency. As container volumes grow, process optimization becomes crucial. While current research emphasizes simulation, machine learning, and lean management, structured methodologies like IDEF0 are less applied. This paper uses IDEF0 to model and analyze key operations as container handling or vessel loading/unloading, identifying inefficiencies such as idle times and poor equipment use. It highlights the importance of automation, digitalization, and improved scheduling. The findings support the development of better Terminal Operating Systems, enhance real-time decisions, and promote port sustainability. The study offers a replicable framework and practical insights for boosting terminal productivity and competitiveness.
THE CHALLENGES OF RESEARCHING ORGANIZATIONAL RESILIENCE IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
The paper discusses the complexity of organizational resilience (OR) research and the associated challenges. In addition to presenting the differences between resilience and resistance, it also analyses the conceptual connections between risk management and disaster relief. Special attention is given to the positive and negative effects of academic competition, emphasizing the dangers of presenting incomplete research as finished work and the issues arising from competition between different scientific disciplines. The paper also highlights the difficulties of data collection in empirical research and the challenges of studying dynamic processes. Furthermore, it provides a detailed examination of the possibilities for developing OR, emphasizing the importance of workplace safety culture, leadership commitment, technological innovation, and continuous monitoring. The aim of the paper is to offer a comprehensive overview of the theoretical and practical approaches to OR and to provide guidance for related research.
APPLICATION OF ERGONOMICS TOOLS IN THE USE OF TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
There is an absence of ergonomic study in tourist attractions in the specialized literature. The purpose of this study is to assess how tourists use and perceive the ergonomic experience of attractions based on reviews found on Google Maps. For the current study we examined a total of 3302 reviews from six popular tourist attractions from Brasov. The first part involved analyzing the reviews to determine the frequency of established words. Pareto diagrams were created in the second phase to help comprehend the data that was collected. Tourists tend to use eight terms most frequently: visiting, staff, kind, language, friendly, information, hall, and space. The analysis of the tourist’s experience presents a chance to enhance the ergonomics of tourism destinations.
RELIABILITY OF DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR DRIVER BOARD UNDER RANDOM VIBRATIONS AND HIGH TEMPERATURE
This paper investigates the combined effects of mechanical vibrations and high temperatures on an electric component of an electric vehicle. This study investigates the reliability and ergonomics of a printed circuit board (PCB) component subjected to random vibrations and high temperatures. The component, an important element in the electric vehicle, is designed to operate in harsh environments characterized by mechanical stress, thermal fluctuations, and random vibrations. The study highlights the importance of considering the interplay between mechanical, thermal, and vibrational stressors in the design and testing of PCB components for electric vehicles.
RELIABILITY OF BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MODULE UNDER SIMULTANEOUS EXPOSURE TO HIGH TEMPERATURE AND RANDOM VIBRATIONS
In this paper, the impact of mechanical vibrations on the components of an electric vehicle is studied. Even if electric motors generate smaller vibrations than internal combustion engines, vibrations due to the external environment appear on the vehicle, which have a major impact on the reliability of the components. Any type of vibration that over time affects the operation of the components in a vehicle has a direct impact on the comfort and ergonomics of the driver and passengers in the vehicle. The purpose of the paper is to subject a PCB board to a vibration test to show what the permissible limit of vibrations up to which the structure of the board is not affected and implicitly its functionality.
MODELING THE INTERNATIONAL IMPACT OF UNIVERSITIES USING FUZZY LOGIC
The aim of the paper is to present the influence of the main variables that influence the impact of university internationalization, using fuzzy logic. The membership function variables are academic reputation, employee reputation, citations per paper, articles per faculty, international research network, employment results, faculty-student ratio, international student diversity, international staff ratio, inbound exchange student ratio, outbound exchange student ratio and sustainability score. In addition, specific weaknesses in the adoption of sustainable practices are discussed, such as bureaucracy, sustainable challenges, competition and resource allocation. The evaluation of fuzzy rules shows that universities make considerable efforts to internationalize their image and increase their position in university rankings. The limitations of this research refer to the fact that the analysis was carried out for a technical university in Romania, being considered a pilot university.
EVALUATION OF THE CONDITIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE WORKPLACES IN ROMANIAN CUSTOMS
Sustainability is an important approach for public and private organizations. The application of the principles contributes to the development of an organizational culture that is found in the ergonomics of workplaces and their sustainability. In Romanian customs, working conditions can be improved. This research aims to identify the current working conditions and propose a framework for their improvement based on the objectives of sustainable development. The questionnaire that was applied online was used for research. Its statistical modeling shows that most employees want you to improve basic conditions to increase efficiency at work. Many of the employees consider that the objectives of sustainable development are combined with the ergonomic conditions. The limitations of the research refer to the fact that the research only concerned Romanian employees.
THE CAPACITY OF THE GLASS TO ALLOW THE PASSAGE OF LIGHT AS AN INSURANCE FACTOR OF WORKPLACE ERGONOMICS
The level of illumination of the space where a human operator works is one of the factors considered when evaluating the ergonomics of a workplace. The presence of a glass window can contribute to the absorption of part of the light emitted by a natural or artificial source. To evaluate the extent to which different categories of glass absorb a greater or lesser amount of light energy, experimental research was designed. The input factors were the distance from the optical subsystem corresponding to the light source, the nominal power of the compact fluorescent light bulb, and the supply voltage. The illuminance measured with a photometer was selected as the output parameter. Samples of ordinary glass, sandblasted glass, and decorative glass were considered. The experimental results were mathematically processed using specialized software. Power-type functions were determined, which highlight the intensity of the influence exerted by the input factors on the output parameter considered. It was found that for the experimental conditions considered, the strongest influence is exerted by the energy supply voltage of the bulb, followed by the distance from the light source and the nominal power of the bulb.
ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLES IN INCLUSIVE DESIGN: ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED AND SIGHTED USERS
This study analyzes the importance of ergonomics within inclusive design, viewed from the perspective of sighted and visually impaired individuals, based both on their experience in indoor and outdoor public spaces, as well as on slightly abstract factors such as intuition. To begin with, a comparative analysis is made between inclusive design, universal design, and ergonomic design, concluding that inclusive design represents a sum of the other two. All these characteristics are analyzed, developed, and translated into questions in the questionnaires and interviews addressed to the respondents. Two sessions of interviews and questionnaires were conducted. Following the first session, focused especially on the general opinion of the two groups on this subject, a discrepancy in perception and needs regarding ergonomics was concluded. However, sighted individuals show empathy when they are asked to consider the needs of the other group. The second session of questions focuses on how certain shapes and textures are interpreted through intuition. The similar results of the two groups highlight the fact that visually impaired individuals have an intuition like that of sighted individuals. These studies underline the need to integrate ergonomic solutions in public indoor and outdoor spaces. Future studies will analyze how these solutions can be integrated and will extend to more types of disabilities.
BEHAVIOR BASED SAFETY IN ACTION. A CASE STUDY AND FIELD TEST RESULTS IN SIX OIL AND GAS DRILLING RIGS IN KUWAIT
The research aims to perform a systematic scientific investigation of the factors affecting the implementation of the behavior-based safety approach in the oil and gas industry. Six drilling and work-over rigs from the state of Kuwait which belongs to four different drilling contractor companies were chosen for the case study and behavioral observations were conducted. Baseline observations were conducted in June and July 2023. Based on 4,041 observations from all rigs, the data collected and analyzed were processed and interpreted, indicating a safe working environment and/or where is still room for improvement in safe working behaviors. Adequate site-specific intervention methods are proposed to exert a positive impact on workers so that in the very near future the number of at-risk behaviors gradually decreases from one observation session to the next.
PREDICTING ARM MOVEMENTS FROM TORSO ORIENTATIONS: A SUPPORT VECTOR REGRESSION APPROACH
This study focuses on improving biomechanical analysis and rehabilitation methods using predictive modeling. It aims to create a reliable predictive model using Support Vector Regression (SVR) to predict arm movements based on torso orientation. By processing data from Inertial Measurement Units attached to participants' torsos and arms, the study explores the potential of SVR in physical therapy. The model's accuracy is evaluated using statistical metrics like Mean Absolute Error and coefficient of determination R2, demonstrating its effectiveness in predicting human movements. This work supports advancements in rehabilitation, setting a precedent for future research into adaptive, high-accuracy predictive modeling in health-related applications.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF STRESS ON STUDENTS' MENTAL HEALTH
The research paper focuses on analyzing the level of stress experienced by students in the faculty and the various influences on their mental state. Through a comprehensive study utilizing questionnaire research methods, we aim to evaluate the variables associated with academic and psychological stress in the university setting. The results of this research have the potential to bring understanding and clarity regarding the needs and challenges of students, aiding in the development of more effective educational and mental health policies and services tailored to the specificities of each higher education institution. By identifying stress factors and management strategies, this paper makes a significant contribution to promoting the well-being and academic success of students.
THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN ROMANIA. PERSPECTIVES ON INTERACTING WITH THE PUBLIC THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most revolutionary and fascinating technological innovations of the last century. From its first theoretical approaches in scientific research to its practical application in various areas of our lives, AI has come an impressive way, radically transforming the way we interact with technology and the world around us. Among the most interesting and promising applications of artificial intelligence is that of conversational intelligence. The use of such features in interacting with the citizens in public administration can bring many benefits, including improved efficiency, increased transparency and easier access to information and services. The present research aims to analyse the relationship between the user and the virtual assistant in the context of the digitized interaction between citizens and public administration. Following the application of a questionnaire, 255 responses were analysed in order to establish the profile of the citizen who would use this type of service, referring to socio-economic parameters but also to the specific degree of trust in AI.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CO₂ DETECTION IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
Indoor air quality monitoring, essential for maintaining healthy environments and for setting appropriate corrective measures, can be carried out using dedicated sensors or laboratory testing to detect pollutants such as CO₂ . This paper presents experimental results on CO₂ concentration in various indoor settings. The environmental measurements support efforts to position high-performance CO₂ sensors on the European market and align with current trends in sensor development. Sensor performance and inter-device consistency were evaluated using three devices: Sensors Europe GmbH – AGM50, Greisinger EBG-CO2-1R, and the experimental Nattive-Senz INO-SEN CO2.
DESIGN OF INJECTION-MOLDED PLASTIC PARTS, ACCORDING TO ISO STANDARDS
Currently, the trend among automobile manufacturers and automotive subsystem producers is rapidly shifting towards reducing manufacturing costs, driven by increasingly intense competition. One of the solutions to achieve this is replacing metal materials with plastics, which offer lower costs and a more efficient mass-production process. This paper presents part of the design methodology for an injection-molded plastic part by calculating the precision grade and applying tolerances in accordance with ISO 20457:2018. Additionally, it introduces a tool designed to facilitate the designer's work in this area. This tool leverages information from the standard, automating the necessary steps for implementation while providing supplementary explanations and examples that extend the standard’s information.