ACTA TECHNICA NAPOCENSIS - Series: APPLIED MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS, and ENGINEERING
History of the Journal Beginning with no. 35/1992, of the scientific Bulletin of the Cluj-Napoca Polytechnic Institute, edited since 1958, will continue to appear under the new name ACTA TECHNICA NAPOCENSIS, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca. This message has appeared in Romanian and in English by the year 2002, on the same page with the College editorial office. The magazine enjoys a good name and good reputation has a both in country and abroad, as seen from the list of works and of Xerox copies of the file. I WILL PASS THE PERIODICITY AND THE NAME ACCORDING TO THE RECORDS OF THE LIBRARY OF UTCN: SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN, SERIES: MATHEMATICS-PHYSICS-MECHANICS APPLIED, 1977-1979 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY 1979-1982 MATEAMATICA-APPLIED MECHANICS-CONSTRUCTION MACHINES 1983 – 1989 APPLIED MATHEMATICS MECHANICS 1990 – 1991 ACTA TECHNICA NAPOCENSIS SERIES: APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS 1992 to CONTINUE Since 1992 the scientific Bulletin of IPCN was divided into 4 separate magazines, each has a name and serial number ISSN assigned, with an Editor of the series. One of these represents ACTA TECHNICA NAPOCENSIS, Sesies: Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, ISSN 1221 – 5872, series editor: Prof. Dr. IOng. Mariana ARGHIR, being unchanged since 1992. Each article has a summary in English, French or German, and at the end of each article is article title and summary in English, and finally it has a title and an abstract in Romanian. In 2007 the magazine was named by CNCSIS in category B, the situation in which the magazine has its own web page, and in 2009 became class B +, with registration in the database world COPERNICUS. The fields are: 1A Mathematics; 1B Informatics; 2A Mechanical engineering; 2F Industrial engineering The Code Commission: 2. Commission for Science Engineering
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DYNAMIC CAD GEOMETRY GENERATION VIA COM AUTOMATION USING JACOB-COM BRIDGE IMPLEMENTATION IN AUTOCAD
The paper implements a Java-based automation system that interfaces with AutoCAD via the Jacob COM bridge to create and animate a 2D-2R robotic manipulator model. The research demonstrates real-time kinematic simulation of a two-link planar robot with visual feedback, implementing industrial automation principles in a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) environment.
A CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR THE FOUR-BAR LINKAGE MECHANISM TRAJECTORIES
The paper aims to provide a way to classify trajectories generated the four-bar linkage mechanism. Essentially, it attempts to answer the question: "If the crank of the mechanism is rotated, does the point where the motion is collected move in a straight line, a circle, or a parabola?" The classification system works by treating the trajectory as a set of statistical data and performs regressions to find the geometric model with the smallest error.
QUANTIFYING GEOTHERMAL FLUID FLOW USING ORIFICE PLATE FLOWMETERS
Geothermal power plants often utilize binary or double flush systems, incorporating separators to manage the three-phase composition of geothermal fluid – steam, water, and gases. While magmeters are commonly employed for single-phase brine flow measurements due to their obstructionless nature and minimal pressure drop, issues such as lining deformation and electrode coating can lead to maintenance challenges and increased operating costs. This study explores an alternative approach by employing the differential pressure flow measurement method with an orifice plate, aiming to reduce operational, maintenance, and investment costs. To assess the effectiveness of this method, an orifice plate is designed for flow calculation, considering energy loss along the pipeline for cost analysis. Additionally, a silencer-weir box is implemented to validate observed flow results. At conditions of 65 °C, 8 bar inlet pressure, and a 120 m3/h flow rate, the pressure difference calculated with the orifice plate flowmeter is 0.073 bar. Comparative analysis indicates an annual cost of $220, showing the potential cost savings of using the orifice plate flow measurement method over other devices.
DESIGN OPTIMISATION OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP INDUCER
This article outlines the methodology for developing the geometry of a centrifugal pump inducer through the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics with optimization methods. Numerical simulation of the fluid flow in a centrifugal pump was carried out. Different optimisation algorithms based on the response surface were compared with the best design point. A digital validation of the obtained geometrymodelwas conducted. Cavitation tests of the pump with the original design and with the inducer were performed. The usage of the resulting inducer led to a decrease in Net Positive Suction Head by 0.5 mH2O at the Best Effective Point, which is in accordance with the acquired technical requirements. The obtained inducer was utilized to a produced serial centrifugal canned motor pump by CRIS Hermetic Pumps.
ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY OPTIMIZATION OF PID CONTROLLERS WITH DIGITAL TWIN INTEGRATION FOR DYNAMIC SYSTEMS
This paper proposes a practical framework for improving the performance of PID controllers. The core novel is the consideration of the digital twin of the controlled system in the fine-tuning process of the PID regulator, with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference algorithms (ANFIS). The method is based on real-time feedback to adjust in a dynamic manner PID parameters, addressing challenges of nonlinear behaviors. Contributions include a customized ANFIS architecture, an optimization-specific cost function, and a feedback loop linking intelligent control strategies with system modeling. A case study on temperature regulation in 3D printing systems demonstrates reduced overshoot, faster stabilization, and elimination of steady-state errors, with improved energy efficiency. Comparative analysis confirms the method’s superiority over conventional techniques and evolutionary advanced algorithms. This research advances adaptive control systems, providing robust solutions for dynamic and nonlinear systems.
THE TRANSITION TO THE NEXT-GENERATION (NG) ARCHITECTURE OF ECALL SYSTEM IN THE X_HeERO PROJECT
Road safety, in particular the protection of vulnerable users (VRU), remains a major challenge in the European Union. The pan-European eCall system was a fundamental step in reducing the response time to accidents. This paper analyzes the imperative technological transition from the conventional eCall system, based on circuit-switched networks, to the new generation architecture (NG eCall), based on IP technologies. At the heart of this transition is the European project X_HeERO, whose contributions are essential for the modernisation of the infrastructure of the Emergency Call Answering Points (PSAPs). The paper demonstrates the technical superiority of NG eCall and determines the component elements of the cost-benefit analysis, highlighting the role of the new architecture in creating an advanced paradigm for road incident management.
A NEW TOOL FOR COURSE DESCRIPTION USABLE IN E-LEARNING PLATFORMS DEVELOPING
Setting up an academic programme is a complex task that must consider many data that obey specific rules, establish certain relationships between the elements involved, and respect a well-defined hierarchy. The central object of an academic programme is the course that plays the role of a brick in a building: it must fit perfectly between its neighbours that form a layer, which together with the lower and upper layers, must give the shape of a unitary system. The course, being the elementary unit of the academic programme, must be very accurately defined by its type, category, level, number and type of activities, number of hours allocated to each of it, number of credits, intended learning outcomes, and others. All these must give a full and balanced description of the course that depends on various data collected from different sources. The present paper proposes a new original tool, which works as a template file that aids the course designer in providing a complete and coherent description of a course, respecting some previously defined conditions. The tool’s novelty consists of a table-shaped document that combines selected-from-a-list, calculated, open inputs, and verification fields that signalize any error occurrence and provide hints for their correction in the process of course description. Using this tool, the course designer can easily provide an error-free course description, combining data collected from interconnected tables and adding specific pieces of information, so that it can be later used in e-learning platforms via import/export files.
CONSIDERATIONS ON ORDER ANALYSIS AND FAULT DETECTION ON A SPEED REDUCER WITH HELICAL GEARS
Fault diagnosis on a test rig with a speed reducer and helical gears is observed by using order analysis. The vibration is monitored on the reducer housing with a triaxial accelerometer. Various speed profiles are imposed with the variable frequency drive and tracked with a tachometer. Three load levels are imposed with a magnetic powder brake. Based on colormaps, orders and power spectrum peaks were assigned to the associated machine elements of the speed reducer, the AC motor, and shafts. GMFs for the first and the second gear pairs, their harmonics, the frequency peaks of the input and output reducer's shafts, the kurtosis value and sideband energy ratio were considered to detect a fault in the helical pinion of the first stage of the reducer and the misalignment at the interface between the speed reducer and the powder brake.
A SYNTHESIS OF THE MICRO-NANO PLASTIC WASTE IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH. A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE
This article presents a comprehensive synthesis of recent scientific findings on the ecological and medical impacts of micro- and nano-plastic (MNP) pollution. It highlights the pervasive presence of MNPs in the environment and their infiltration into human body through inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact, and even prenatal exposure. The study outlines the toxicological effects of plastic particles and additives, linking them to various health disorders such as endocrine disruption, respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses, cancer, neurological and cardiovascular diseases, and immune dysfunctions. The paper also describes the challenges posed by MNPs on 12 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasizing the need for systemic solutions including stricter regulations, circular economy practices, and public awareness initiatives. The research is part of the EDU4PlastiCircular project, aiming to foster education and action toward a climate-neutral and plastic-responsible future.
EFFECTS OF THE VARIATION OF SELECTIVE LASER MELTING PRINTING PARAMETERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF CO-CR-W ALLOY
Additive manufacturing technologies such as selective laser melting (SLM) are increasingly applied in industrial sectors due to their ability to obtain parts with complex geometries and high precision. This study investigates how variations in SLM printing parameters affect the properties of a Co-Cr-W alloy. The powder particle size was +10/55 μm, which was deposited in successive layers of 25 μm. Three sets of technological parameters were established, involving changes in laser power (P), scan speed (sspeed) and exposure time (texp). The results demonstrate significant correlations between the process parameters and the properties of the resulting materials, providing insights for optimizing the manufacturing of Co-Cr-W components.
BUSINESS MODELS SUPPORTING STUDENT’S INTENTIONS FROM BULGARIA AND ROMANIA TO HAVE FAMILY BUSINESSES
Over the past 15 years, the Entrepreneurship Centers of the University of Ruse “Angel Kanchev” (Bulgaria) and Politehnica University Timisoara (Romania) have been researching the essence of the business model and its diverse application in the development of new business ideas and business plans. The purpose of this research is to present the importance of the business model in the pre-start stage when students from Bulgaria and Romania consider the possibility of creating their own family businesses. A specific comparison was also conducted among students from Romania and Bulgaria within the framework of the international academic network INTERGEN, to verify the research subject of this publication.
STUDY ON THE HIGH TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR OF ASSEMBLIES OBTAINED BY CRIMPING COPPER PIPE FITTINGS USED IN NATURAL GAS SUPPLY INSTALLATIONS
This paper presents the results of research on the high temperature behavior of assemblies obtained by crimping copper pipe fittings used in natural gas supply installations. For the realization of this study, 18 specimens were made by crimping copper pipe fittings with outer diameters De = 15/18/22 mm and wall thickness wt = 1.0 mm. All 18 specimens were tested at elevated temperatures using the facility developed by the authors. The specimens were charged with nitrogen at a pressure of 5 bar, and placed inside the oven at a temperature of 650 °C for 30 minutes. The results obtained confirm the reliability of the crimping technology for use in natural gas supply installations, ensuring tightness under extreme conditions.
ASSESSING THE VOICE OF THE CUSTOMER FOR A SUSTAINABLE CLEANING PRODUCT USING THE HWWP-DDDI MODEL
In a marketplace where educated customers seek qualitative products and responsible providers of value, where sustainability is appreciated and desired but not enough promoted, managers need to apply the theory of attractive quality to better assess the voice of their customers. The current paper aims to prove that new models can offer relevant information for decision making. Thus, for the case study of a global company which launches a cleaning product made of probiotics for the Romanian market segment, 18 potential features have been delimited, a Kano and importance questionnaire has been built and applied on 98 respondents to identify the sustainable characteristics appreciated by consumers. Based on this data, the HWWP-DDDI model has been built and relevant strategic discussions have been delineated.
STUDY OF THE ROUND CUTTING INSERT WEAR IN MACHINING WITH SIMULTANEOUSLY ROTATING TOOL AND WORKPIECE
The dynamics of mechanical engineering industry development requires manufacture of products from hard and difficult-to-machine materials. This requires engineers to be flexible and to use non-standard solutions such as the application of unconventional cutting schemes for such materials. When machining difficult-to-machine materials, cutting tools are subjected to intense mechanical and thermal loads, which lead to progressive wear and reduced tool life. The paper presents a wear study of a round cutting insert when processing hard material with a simultaneously rotating tool and workpiece. An analysis of wear type occurring during processing of difficult-to-machine materials when applying unconventional cutting scheme is made and the obtained results from measuring the magnitude of wear and the mechanism of wear are presented and analyzed.
OVERVIEW OF SOME NON-TRADITIONAL CUTTING SCHEMES
The desire to search for new opportunities for optimizing the machining of hard-to-machine materials used in current industries - mechanical engineering, military production, space production, automotive and etc., challenges engineering specialists to look for unconventional cutting patterns, which in turn must provide productivity, extend tool life and reduce temperature load. An overview of some non-traditional cutting schemes in the turning and lathe-milling machining has been made. The kinematics of the execution of cutting schemes and the machine tools on which they could be performed without requiring the purchase of expensive equipment and large-sized machine tools are considered. Non-traditional schemes consider the possibility of applying two rotational movements – one on the tool and one on the workpiece.
REVERSE ENGINEERING OF FDM-PRINTED PARTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ACCURACY EVALUATION – A CASE STUDY
When assessing parts obtained by means of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), we may evaluate them visual or by means of metrology related techniques. The present paper focuses on case study that follows methodology from design to final mesh replica of the 3D-printed part. It gives a specific workflow that highlights the undertaken necessary steps for users to be able to properly evaluate accuracy of scanned data, thus identifying printing faults of 3D-printed part against the CAD design. The presented procedure allows for reproducibility and repeatability. Limitations were observed and explained as counter measures were proposed.
IN VITRO CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF A BIODEGRADABLE ZnMg-Ti ALLOY IN DPBS
Biodegradable alloys are increasingly being used in the medical field for procedures that do not require permanent implants or extensive healing times. The slower degradation rate of zinc-based alloys compared to magnesium-based alloys enables the solution of a wider range of medical concerns. After obtaining a ZnMgTi alloy by classical casting in an induction furnace, its behavior in Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS) was studied. Characterizing the interaction between the alloy and DPBS led to possible explanations for the alloy's corrosion behavior. These hypotheses were confirmed by analyzing the solution's pH evolution, as well as by conducting chemical analyses using X-ray energy spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and by assessing mass loss after immersion.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE SUPPLY CHAIN IN THE RAW MATERIALS AREA: A CASE STUDY FOR FMS FACTORY
This paper examines the impact of digital transformation on the order flow in the raw materials (RM) area of the FMS factory, which specialises in the production of custom-made men's suits. The purpose of the research is to evaluate how the implementation of digital solutions optimises processes, reduces repetitive errors, and increases transparency in raw materials management. All of these factors contribute directly to improving organisational performance. The study combines a quantitative analysis, based on data collected between January 2024 and April 2025 (order entry, processing, and output times), with a qualitative analysis using questionnaires administered to employees who worked with both the old and new flows. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research compares the previous flow, based on limited IT systems, with the digitised flow implemented in September - October 2024, testing hypotheses related to reduced processing times, decreased errors, and increased transparency, while also exploring employee perceptions. The expected results indicate a reduction in processing times, fewer errors, and better order tracking. Altogether, these findings highlight the benefits of digitalisation and provide a starting point for future strategies in the textile industry.
TENSILE BEHAVIOUR OF PLA PARTS MANUFACTURED BY FDM: EFFECT OF INTERNAL DENSITY AND RASTER CONFIGURATION
This paper investigates the influence of infill percentage and pattern on the tensile behavior of PLA specimens manufactured using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The main objective was to examine how internal structure design affects strength, stiffness, and deformation under applied load. Tensile experiments were conducted in accordance with ISO 527-1, employing an Artillery Genius-Pro 3D printer and a Zwick/Roell Z150 testing machine. The results demonstrate that increasing infill density leads to a substantial enhancement in tensile strength and stiffness, whereas grid and honeycomb arrangements demonstrated the most efficient internal geometries. The findings of this research provide valuable insight into the way infill strategy influences the structural behavior of FDM-printed PLA components, supporting further advancements in the design of lightweight and high-performance parts for engineering applications.
A TRIBOLOGICAL STUDY OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE POLYMERS USED TO MANUFACTURE PLASTIC GEARS
This paper discusses the use of high-performance plastics in worm gear manufacturing, focusing on polyphenylsulfides (PPS), polyvinyl fluorides (PVDF), polyetherimides (PEI), polyethersulfone (PES), and polysulfones (PSU). These materials offer excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, including wear resistance, dimensional stability, and chemical resistance. The article evaluates the potential of these materials in the worm gear industry, highlighting their advantages over traditional materials like light weight, corrosion resistance, and mechanical performance. The research analyzes the characteristics of these materials and proposes ways to improve gear system performance. The study highlights the advantages of these materials in sectors like the chemical, pharmaceutical, and electrotechnical industries, emphasizing their potential to enhance efficiency and durability of mechanical systems.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF CAR-TRAILER COMBINATIONS WITHOUT BRAKING SYSTEMS DURING THE BRAKING PROCESS
This paper theoretically analyzes the problem of braking car-trailer combinations in the case of trailers without braking systems. The study identifies the factors that influence the dynamic behavior of these combinations, with a special focus on the role of trailers without braking systems. The main objectives of the research are to evaluate the impact of trailer loading on stability and braking distance, to analyze the interactions between the tractor vehicle and the trailer during braking and turning, and to formulate recommendations for optimizing the safety of tractor-trailer assemblies. Mathematical models and simulations are also used to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the assembly in various loading scenarios. The results highlight the fact that the load distribution in the trailer has a significant impact on the stability of the assembly and the braking-distance. Non-uniform loading can lead to dangerous imbalances, especially during braking and turning maneuvers.In conclusion, this paper offers an in-depth analysis of the factors that influence the dynamic behavior of tractor-trailer assemblies, providing valuable information for improving their safety and performance.
ACCURACY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES TESTING USING COMPLEMENTARY METHODS FOR GLASS FIBER REINFORCEMENT POLYMERS
The mechanical characteristics of glass fiber composite materials are time-dependent and typically show viscoelastic behavior. Since the use of these materials has increased dramatically in recent decades, it is necessary to determine their mechanical properties with the high precision. Used in different domains, from sporting goods to aeronautics, the study of behavior under load is useful for understanding how it affects the design capability under conditions of internal geometric complexity. The paper presents the fabrication concept of a glass fiber reinforced composite plate (GFRP) having stacking sequence [0°/90°] and the results obtained by uniaxial tensile tests on three cutting directions: longitudinal, transverse and 45° respectively, following the validation of the mechanical parameters performance. The elastic characteristics of the composite were determined by sinusoidal cyclic loading testing using the Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) three-point bending device. The tensile failure mode is analyzed on the basis of specific stress-strain characteristic curves.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF HOMOKINETIC COUPLING
Cycloidal pin-type gear reducers are classified within the domain of mechanical transmissions characterized by high transmission ratios, capable of transmitting torque values up to approximately 55,000 Nm. The main components of these reducers are the cycloidal gear and the homokinetic coupling, the latter of which is responsible for receiving and transmitting motion. This paper presents studies focused on the experimental determination of the friction coefficient and specific wear intensity, examining four pairs of materials and a lubricant utilized in mechanical transmissions. Based on the experimental data obtained, conclusions were drawn regarding the optimal material-lubricant combination that ensures high durability for these gears while simultaneously minimizing losses due to specific friction.
STRESS CONDITIONS IN IMPROVED CUTTER TEETH DESIGNED FOR THE BUCKET WHEELS OF EXCAVATORS WORKING IN OPEN PITS
This paper presents the results of research on the design of a range of standard-sized teeth with improved characteristics for excavators working in coal mines, based on the specific cutting resistance of coal and rock in open pits. The results are based on experimental tests conducted in laboratory conditions involving the cutting of coal and rock samples taken from representative mining fields of S.N.L. Oltenia.
ASPECTS REGARDING THE DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERISTIC VALUES FOR THE ROCK DRILLING PROCESS
This paper presents some aspects of the drilling process regarding stress conditions and how to determine certain parameters necessary for studying this process, drills, and determining the technical and economic indicators achieved during drilling.
THE INVARIANTS OF AN ARTICULATED BEAM STRUCTURES UNDETERMINED STATICALLY IN THE FORCES METHOD
In the paper there are presented the invariants of an articulated beam structures undetermined statically in the forces method, invariants through which the fact that any infinite like variation of an effort in a beam r of the structure produces a variation of the same order of the dimensions am the section of the beam s of that same structure.
SUSTAINABILITY PLANS OF ONLINE TRAINING PROGRAMS AS HERITAGE OF EU-FUNDED PROJECTS
The European Union invests in education through funding opportunities such as Erasmus+, Horizon Europe, and Digital Europe Program. A common trait of all these funding schemes is the requirement of foreseeing the long-term impact of the selected projects, especially after the end of the funding period. A specific set of challenges is prominent for projects focused on online training programs. The paper focusses on analyzing sustainability plans of EU-funded online training project and presents a case study on the sustainability of VirtualEdu project and a comparative analysis of several such projects. This analysis contributes to this understanding through a definition-based evaluation framework that provides systematic information on sustainability approaches, outcomes, and best practices.
KEEPING STUDENT ENGAGEMENT: RETHINKING ENGINEERING COURSES FOR GENERATION Z
Generation Z students are increasingly struggling to maintain their attention and engagement in engineering courses. Their familiarity with technology and expectation for rapid feedback often conflict with traditional teaching models. Based on the principles of Stephen R. Covey, this paper proposes a flexible structuring of modules that balances scientific rigor with adaptation to specific learning styles. The main contribution lies in the integration and validation of an original approach – Solution 1 – made up of two complementary methods: the Socratic Method and the Multiple Level Learning Method. The research results show that this combination stimulates active learning, collaboration and student autonomy, creating an educational framework closer to the reality and needs of Generation Z.
MULTI-CRITERIA KINEMATIC OPTIMIZATION OF A DOUBLE WISHBONE SUSPENSION MECHANISM
This paper deals with the multi-objective kinematic optimization of a double wishbone suspension mechanism used for race cars. The optimization purpose is to keep the contact patch area constant, by reducing the camber angle variation, to keep the steering behavior the same, by reducing the castor angle, and to reduce the slip angle by decreasing the bump steer. The study uses a two steps tuning approach, in which the camber and castor metrics are tuned in the first step, while the bump steer is tuned in the second tuning step. The multi body system study was performed using MSC.ADAMS (namely ADAMS/View - to develop the kinematic model of the suspension system, and ADAMS/Insight - to configure and perform the optimization process). Finally, an in-house made app (S&KSP) based on MATLAB was developed for the mutual validation of the results.
VIBRO-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS IN SPECIALIZED INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES: CASE STUDY AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE VOD-2.1 AXIAL FAN IN MINING VENTILATION
This paper presents a vibro-mechanical analysis of the VOD-2.1 axial fan used for primary mining ventilation. Triaxial vibration measurements were collected at bearing housings and motor supports under varying coupling stiffness and misalignment conditions, following a controlled experimental program informed by prior in-situ studies. Time- and frequency-domain (FFT) analyses were applied to identify dominant vibration components, harmonics, and fault signatures associated with misalignment, imbalance, and coupling characteristics. The results demonstrate that coupling stiffness and misalignment significantly influence the spectral response, with stiffer couplings producing higher harmonic amplitudes and broader spectral content. Based on these findings, diagnostic guidelines and maintenance recommendations are proposed in accordance with ISO 20816/ISO 10816 to enhance the reliability and safety of mine ventilation systems.
READINESS FOR INDUSTRY 5.0: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN GERMANY AND ROMANIA
Industry 5.0, which highlights the combination of human intelligence with advanced technology to build a more equitable, sustainable, and balanced industrial environment, has become an appealing concept. The main goal of this research is to determine, to some extent, the readiness of the Romanian and German companies to adopt Industry 5.0 and to evaluate the possible advantages and potential challenges of this transition. The questionnaire was primarily focused on specific measures of digital maturity, innovation capacity, and organizational readiness. The results show that the successful adaptation of Industry 5.0 is dependent on several factors, including the implementation of digital infrastructure, strategic workforce development, broader socio-economic readiness, and the alignment of innovation with social and ethical values. [1]
CONFIGURING A VACUUM TUMBLER MACHINE FOR MARINATING MEAT USING AXIOMATIC DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Vacuum marination is an advanced technique used to accelerate the absorption of marinades into meat, enhancing flavor, tenderness, and moisture retention. This process utilizes a vacuum environment to force the marinade deep into the muscle fibers by eliminating air pockets and opening up the meat’s structure. A vacuum tumbler is a specialized machine designed to accelerate the marination process of meat, poultry, and seafood by applying vacuum pressure while gently tumbling the product. The goal of the work is to design a vacuum tumbler machine that ensures uniform, efficient, and high-quality marination of meat within a controlled environment. Axiomatic Design (AD) provides a systematic approach to designing a Vacuum Tumbler Machine for Marinating Meat, ensuring efficiency, performance, and usability.
INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE 3D PRINTING PROCESS. LITERATURE REVIEW
This study provides a comprehensive literature review on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the 3D printing workflow. It specifically investigates AI's contribution to parameter optimization, product quality enhancement, and waste reduction. The methodology for selecting pertinent research is detailed, involving an analysis of scientific articles and patents that address the advantages and disadvantages of AI integration in 3D printing. Finally, it identifies a path for future research to further improve the efficiency of 3D printing.
CUSTOMIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH 3D PRINTING: APPLICATIONS FROM AUTOMOTIVE TO CONSUMER PRODUCTS
This paper provides an overview of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), from its first patent to widespread adoption as a core additive manufacturing technology. The working principle, advantages, and limitations are discussed, with emphasis on cost efficiency and design freedom. Common filaments and reinforced materials are reviewed in terms of physical–mechanical properties and applications. Several world-premiere 3D-printed applications are presented, such as the first car, an electric motorbike, and a jet-powered drone. From a sustainability perspective, FDM enables material reuse and waste reduction, achieving savings of up to 70%. Industrial case studies, including automotive (Volkswagen, BMW), military drones (British Navy), medical orthoses (BioNeek), and footwear (MIT–Adidas, Zellerfeld), demonstrate FDM’s expanding role in mass customization across multiple sectors.
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF MACHINING PARAMETERS ON MEAN CUTTING FORCE IN MILLING OF 2024 T351 ALUMINIUM ALLOY
Determining the cutting force is a fundamental aspect of the machining process, influencing the quality of the machined surface and the durability of the tools. As is known, machining duralumin can be difficult due to its tendency to form built up edge, which affects accuracy and surface finish. Knowing the cutting force allows adjusting the parameters of the cutting and tool geometry to achieve efficient and stable machining. By determining the cutting force, energy consumption can be reduced. In this paper, the average cutting force per tooth during milling was calculated, starting from the specific cutting force determined experimentally. The obtained results were compared with the experimental ones, which allowed the identification of correction coefficients dependent on the cutting speed.
FROM WASTE TO WORTH: BUILDING A SOCIAL CIRCULAR ENTERPRISE THROUGH ECOSYSTEM COLLABORATION - THE CASE OF OILRIGHT
This paper examines the development of OilRight, a Romanian social enterprise active in environmental sustainability and social inclusion. Using a qualitative case study methodology, the research explores how ecosystem support (accelerators, crowdfunding, mentorship, and strategic partnerships) enabled OilRight to adapt and replicate a Slovenian model in Romania. The study highlights how ecosystem-oriented strategies improve the resilience and scalability of social enterprises in Central and Eastern Europe. The findings illustrate OilRight’s experience on how ecosystem-oriented strategies contribute to the scalability and sustainability of social enterprises and the study adds to the literature on social circular models in a Romanian context, providing practical and theoretical insights into building inclusive and sustainable ventures.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A STRATEGIC CATALYST FOR CAREER DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM A MULTI-INDUSTRY EMPLOYEE SURVEY
Past research has widely surveyed CSR with reference to sustainability, transparency and financial outcomes, however less studies have analyzed its connection with employees' perspective of career development. This research explored the relation among certain CSR dimensions (i.e., human resources, workplace safety, human rights, resilience and environmental responsibility) and employees’ perspective of the impact of CSR on their career development. Information was documented from a variety of industries from Europe, covering a sample of 500 adults aged 18 to 55 (58% male, majority having completed higher education), with 52% from multinational organizations. Outputs revealed significant positive connections between regarded CSR and fundamental career-related outputs, emphasizing an environment framework where CSR strengthens human capital by optimizing the quality of life, commitment and career progression.
WASTE REDUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ELECTRONIC BOARDS
This paper presents a solution for optimizing the conformal coating process of electronic boards used in the aerospace industry by applying Lean Manufacturing principles and tools. The primary objective was to identify and reduce time and resource losses, directly impacting productivity and process efficiency. To identify and diagnose the root causes of waste, specific Lean Manufacturing tools were employed, including process flow analysis, Value Stream Mapping (VSM). The study highlights the types of waste identified according to the TIMWOOD framework such as waiting time and inefficient transportation and proposes practical solutions, such as increasing the capacity of the transport device and eliminating waiting times between protective coating applications. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in operation time and an increase in the number of boards processed simultaneously, leading to enhanced productivity and a 59% reduction in waste
ROMANIA, GLOBAL LEADER IN LABOUR MOBILITY: A BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF WORKFORCE MIGRATION AND RETURN TRENDS
Romania has consistently ranked among the top countries worldwide in terms of skilled labor emigration, with more than 4 million citizens abroad. Romania is one of the few countries in the world where voluntary labor migration is comparable to the proportion of war- and crisis-affected countries. This article provides a critical bibliographic analysis of the migration of Romanian workers from 2017 to 2025. Although national discussions have focused increasingly on digitalization and automation, millions of citizens have continued to leave the country in search of better living and working conditions. This study combined the latest academic perspectives to highlight this paradox and argues for the restoration of the human dimension in public and organizational strategies related to labor.
CRITICAL REVIEW OF INNOVATIVE AND CLASSICAL METHODS FOR ANALYZING NITROGEN OXIDES IN AMBIENT AIR
This study presents a comparative critical analysis of reference and alternative standard methods for ambient nitrogen oxides (NOx) measurement. It systematically evaluates established techniques, such as chemiluminescence, alongside emerging alternatives including spectroscopic sensors and passive sampling devices. The paper highlights the strengths and limitations of each method, focusing on their metrological performance, cost-effectiveness, and operational practicality within large-scale monitoring networks. Findings reveal a key trade-off between the uncompromising accuracy of reference methods and the broader feasibility of alternative approaches. Ultimately, this analysis provides a framework for selecting the most suitable methodology based on monitoring objectives, resource availability, and required data quality.
DEGRADATION BEHAVIOR OF DIFFERENT MAGNESIUM ALLOYS FOR TEMPORARY IMPLANTS: ROLE OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS, MICROSTRUCTURE, AND TESTING MEDIA
Biodegradable Mg-based alloys seem to be the future raw materials used for the fabrication of temporary implants used in orthopedic, cardiovascular, dental, and general surgery specializations. The main problem of Mg-based alloys is their faster degradation rate in the human body, which will compromise the biomechanical stability of the implants before the end of the healing process and implicitly increase the tissue healing time. In this study, we investigated how different test media influence the corrosion behavior of magnesium-based alloys. The results obtained indicate that the choice of media significantly influences the corrosion patterns; in particular, simulated body fluid (SBF) is a more corrosive medium. This is due to the high concentration of Cl- ions and the absence of organic compounds in the composition.
SHAPING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MINDSETS: A PREVENTIVE APPROACH TO CULTURAL COMPLIANCE AND DIGITAL PIRACY
This paper explores the role of collective mindsets and educational interventions in fostering respect for intellectual property rights (IPR) and combating counterfeiting and piracy. In an increasingly digital and knowledge-based economy, intellectual property is both a key driver of innovation and a vulnerable asset exposed to infringement. Drawing on interdisciplinary perspectives from law, psychology, education, and economics, the study investigates how attitudes toward IPR are formed and how they can be influenced through targeted strategies. The proposed research employs a mixed-methods design, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews, aiming to develop and validate an intervention model grounded in legislative reinforcement and educational outreach. The findings are expected to contribute to a broader understanding of social compliance with IPR and provide actionable insights for policymakers, educators, and enforcement bodies.
SAFETY OF DRIVER AND PASSANGER IN FRONTAL CAR CRASH USING A NEW TYPE OF IMPACT ATTENUATOR
The impact attenuator (IA), along with the seat belt and airbag, is an important device in ensuring the passive safety of motor vehicles. This refers to both current cars and racing or special purpose cars. The study investigates the benefits that a simple, cheap and easy-to-apply safety system can bring, as it proposes the use of water in a simple system that contributes to the absorption of a shock in a collision with a vertical wall. In this regard, the behavior of a mannequin in a frontal collision is monitored. Knowing the loads acting on the dummy, a theoretical check (based on a FEM model) and then an experimental one is made to see if the stresses occurring after the collision fall within the range suggested by current standards. The vehicle is seen as a structure that has an IA and a dummy using a seat belt. An innovative water-based IA solution is used. According to the criteria, the behavior of the mannequin was examined for a frontal crash of the car-driver/passenger system. The results obtained suggest the possibility of using water in a suitable assembly as a shock-attenuation system in the event of an accident.
STRATEGIC SCENARIOS FOR THE TRANSITION FROM INDUSTRY 4.0 TO INDUSTRY 5.0 IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN EUROPE
In the current geopolitical and technological context, the adoption of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) principles in the European automotive industry, especially in the segments with small production runs, has been delayed due to economic, technical, and structural barriers. In the coming years, the European Commission's strategy defines the transition to Industry 5.0 (I5.0), focused on sustainability and the integration of humans into the industrial cycle, based on the I4.0 infrastructure. In this context, the problem of ensuring the successful transition from I4.0 to I5.0 and of defining, adapting, and implementing the design and production methodologies necessary for this transition arises. At the same time, in China, the implementation of the "Made in China 2025" (MIC2025) strategy has allowed the development of its industrial model based on the adoption of advanced technologies. The global success of MIC2025 calls into question the industrial model of the European Union (EU). The article analyzes the current context, compares industrial models, describes the barriers to implementing the European strategy, and analyzes new opportunities and perspectives for bridging the technological gap necessary for the successful adoption of I5.0 principles.
MANAGING SECURITY UPDATES IN ORGANIZATIONS USING HYBRID CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURES
Managing security updates in organizations with hybrid cloud infrastructures is essential forsafeguarding data, ensuring system availability, and maintaining regulatory compliance. Hybrid environments, which integrate on-premises infrastructure with public and private cloud services, present unique challenges in coordinating updates across diverse platforms and technologies. Effective update management involves comprehensive asset inventory, risk-based prioritization, and the use of automated patch management and vulnerability assessment tools. It also requires clear policies for standard and emergency updates, alignment with vendor patch cycles, and robust testing procedures. By adopting a proactive and structured approach, organizations can minimize security risks, reduce downtime, and enhance the overall resilience of their IT environment.
USING THE IDEA DIAGRAM METHOD TO DESIGN A DEVICE TO RECORD THE VARIATION OF FORCE SIZE IN SHEAR CUTTING
The existence of information regarding the behavior of different materials under mechanical stress is useful when aiming to optimize the conditions for the shearing conditions of workpieces made of metallic or plastic materials. The paper addresses the problem of designing a device that would allow the experimental study of the behavior of different materials during shearing. To identify a solution for such a device, a method to stimulate technical creativity was used, namely the idea diagram method. By applying the principles related to this method, a device designed to allow the study of the behavior of materials during shearing was gradually outlined. The device can be adapted to a universal lathe and provides conditions for highlighting the influence exerted by different factors on the variation of the magnitude of the force necessary for the materialization of a shearing process.
EXTENDING COMPONENT LIFE THROUGH HYBRID ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF A REMANUFACTURED VALVE COMPONENT
This study evaluates the environmental benefits of extending the life of industrial parts through hybrid additive manufacturing instead of full replacement. A case study involved modifying an LF2 carbon steel ball valve flange using Laser Directed Energy Deposition (LDED) with recycled 316L stainless steel powder. The process included CNC milling, metal deposition, and precision machining. Non-destructive and pressure tests confirmed the mechanical integrity and performance of the remanufactured component. A Life Cycle Assessment compared this approach with conventional replacement, showing significant reductions in raw material use, energy consumption, and CO₂ emissions. The results highlight hybrid manufacturing as a sustainable solution aligned with circular economy goals, promoting reuse and minimizing environmental impact without compromising functionality.
STUDY ON MACHINING DEVIATIONS CAUSED BY MODULAR FIXTURE RIGIDITY
Modular fixtures are used to ensure the orientation and position of workpiece during machining, inspection and assembly. Specific to modular fixture due to the complexity, overall size and the high number of components, the general stiffness if affected. In this paper there are presented the causes that can lead to the diminishing of the accuracy of clamping when using modular fixtures, and several deformation patterns that result from experimental research of multiple joints modular structures, that can lead to a series of deviations of orientation-positioning and clamping deviations during clamping and machining. Specific clamping cases are presented and evaluated from the point of view of deviations caused by diminished rigidity during machining of parts clamped in modular fixtures
NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE ORTHOGONAL CUTTING PROCESS OF C45 MEDIUM CARBON STEEL
This study builds on previously published experimental research of the machining process by applying analytical and numerical modeling to better interpret the observed results. The analytical Oxley model and a 2D orthogonal cutting simulation using FEM DEFORM software are employed to investigate the cutting zone behavior for C45 medium carbon steel, a commonly used reference material. The FEM analysis reveals that the distribution of deformations in the shear plane is not constant, in contrast to the assumption of the simplified Oxley machining model. The FEM predictions show the closest agreement with the experimental findings and provide additional insight into cutting phenomena that are difficult to access experimentally. The combined use of validated analytical and numerical models complements the earlier experimental work, deepens the understanding of machining mechanics, and supports the development of improved machining strategies, cutting tool design, and enhanced production efficiency.
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON HOW ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCE HUMAN WELL-BEING AT WORKPLACE IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
The workplace environment, shaped by physical factors like air quality, thermal comfort and acoustics, has a direct impact on workers’ well-being, satisfaction, and productivity. The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between indoor environmental quality and employee well-being within Hirschmann Automotive, an automotive manufacturing facility located in Mures County. The research methodology involved designing a questionnaire on workers’ perceptions of their environment, comfort and performance, followed by the analysis of responses from 50 employees working in shifts under strict clothing requirements in a controlled production area. The results were analyzed to identify key trends and improvement suggestions. Environmental parameters monitored included indoor environmental quality, thermal comfort, airflow, differential pressure and carbon dioxide levels. Despite the technically regulated environment, findings reveal a notable paradox: employees reported low performance, elevated stress levels, and a greater need for breaks—particularly during high-temperature periods. A significant proportion of respondents identified poor air quality as a key factor impairing concentration and productivity, often resorting to improvised solutions such as opening doors to improve comfort. These results highlight the critical importance of maintaining optimal indoor environmental conditions in industrial settings and provide actionable recommendations for improving occupational health, workplace design, and employee performance.
THE INFLUENCE OF SURFACE PRETREATMENT ON COATING ADHESION IN CATAPHORETIC PAINTING OF ALUMINUM PARTS
This study examines the impact of surface pretreatment on coating adhesion during cataphoretic painting of aluminum parts. Different degreasing agents were applied to aluminum test samples under varying experimental conditions determined through a planned design. Following the pretreatment stage, the samples were coated using cataphoretic deposition technology. Adhesion performance was evaluated by means of the grid-cut test in accordance with ISO 2409:2020. The experimental results revealed that the average coating thickness exerted the most significant influence on the adhesion of the cataphoretic coating.
ENHANCING THE INJECTION PROCESS OF GEAR-TYPE COMPONENTS FABRICATED FROM POLYMERIC MATERIALS THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF DIVERSE FLOW STRATEGIES IN MOLDS
This study investigates the injection molding of polyamide 6.6 reinforced with 30% glass fibers using Moldflow Adviser and SolidWorks Plastics. Key parameters, including fill time, end-of-fill pressure, flow front temperature, cooling time, and fiber orientation, were evaluated. The results demonstrate consistency between the two software packages, highlighting the advantage of SolidWorks Plastics due to its integrated finite element analysis. Accurate fiber orientation prediction proved critical for the performance and durability of polymer gears. The study provides a reliable basis for validating CAE tools in the design and optimization of injection molding processes for industrial applications.
RESEARCH REGARDING PROTOTYPE OF AN ELECTRONIC HYBRID POLYMER STRUCTURE
An electronic hybrid polymer structure enables the creation of devices and interfaces that are not only visually appealing but also lightweight, durable, and highly efficient. By minimizing the number of moving components, this technology can lower production, assembly, and maintenance costs while also reducing the likelihood of malfunctions or failures. This paper presents research regarding a product from the automotive industry, a structure that makes possible an easy communication between the human and the machine with a low-cost of fabrication. This research product with automotive applied has an electric layer that makes possible communication by a simple touch. The original contribution in this work consists in obtaining a polymeric product with electronic hybrid structure and manufacturing the prototype by additive manufacturing. An electronic circuit with touch sensors will be presented to make sure that the material or thickness will not affect the main function of the product.
SMART DIGITAL MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY IN SMART MANUFACTURING. ARE THEY SAFE?
In recent decades, research has focused intensively on the development of methods, tools and technologies specific to smart manufacturing, but aspects related to the working conditions of the human factor remain insufficiently addressed. This paper aims to contribute to reducing this knowledge gap by identifying the main issues associated with the use of intelligent digital monitoring systems in the field of occupational safety and health, based on a systematic review of the specialized literature. The findings were placed in four categories: physical risks, psychosocial risks, privacy and ethical concerns, and barriers to adoption. Recognizing both the need and opportunity to enhance the adoption of these systems, this study also provides a series of recommendations based also on the systematic review analysis.
APPLYING THE FUNCTIONAL RESONANCE ANALYSIS METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE RISK OF WORK ACCIDENTS IN CONSTRUCTIONS SITES
Construction is a high hazard industry that comprises a wide range of activities involving construction, alteration, and/or repair. Construction workers engage in many activities that may expose them to serious hazards, such as falling from rooftops, unguarded machinery, being struck by heavy construction equipment, electrocutions, silica dust, and asbestos. Worker’ safety on construction sites is a global problem. The Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) is a safety analysis technique used to understand and manage risk in complex socio-technical systems, including constructions sites. It focuses on how seemingly minor variations in everyday work can resonate and combine to create unexpected hazards or even accidents. FRAM differs from traditional methods by modelling the dynamic and interconnected nature of systems, identifying potential emergent risks through functional variability and unexpected interactions. This paper aims, through a systematic literature review, to present the application of the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) in the construction sites, thus contributing to increasing occupational safety and health on construction sites.
MITIGATING OCCUPATIONAL RISKS IN THE CONTEXT OF CULTURAL EVENTS: A MULTI-LEVEL RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
Cultural events such as festivals, concerts, exhibitions, parades, involve a complex and dynamic work environment that poses significant occupational risks for technical staff, performers, security personnel, and support workers. These events are frequently characterized by temporary infrastructure, time-constrained setups, high crowd densities, and environmental variability - all of which contribute to an elevated risk of incidents and accidents. This paper reviews current literature on occupational safety in event management and identifies critical gaps in the field. The findings reveal a lack of standardized approaches for addressing complex risk interdependencies unique to cultural events. Based on this review, the paper proposes a structured, multi-level risk management framework for identifying, assessing, and reducing occupational risks, emphasizing proactive safety planning, worker training, and the integration of emerging monitoring technologies. The study contributes to better comprehension of how occupational safety principles can be adapted and applied in the context of cultural events, supporting both preventive measures and the improvement of organizational safety culture..
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF VARIOUS ADVANCED MATERIALS PARAMETERS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL MACHINING
This paper presents multiple numerical simulations of different parameters of advanced materials for the electrochemical machining (ECM) process using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Since it is not possible to physically observe and record the processes taking place in the workspace, process modeling is one of the most effective methods to estimate the conditions in the workspace. In this context, numerical simulation of the electrochemical process becomes essential for its understanding and optimization. The electrochemical machining process's electric potential and the impact of the electric field were analyzed on a variety of advanced materials in order to enhance the quality of the ECM process
A THEMATIC REVIEW OF ONSHORE POWER SUPPLY CHALLENGES
The introduction of Onshore Power Supply (OPS) to ports is crucial to decrease greenhouse gas emissions from ships and push forward the transition to sustainable maritime transport. Despite the Fuel EU Maritime Regulation requires the use of OPS after January 1, 2025, several technological and infrastructural barriers currently prevent the broad implementation. This study employs a two-step mixed-methods approach, combining systematic literature review and qualitative data analysis to identify and analyse the key challenges associated with OPS application. PRISMA methodology was used to select relevant publications, which were then analysed using thematic coding in the Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) ATLAS.ti, enabling a structured synthesis of insights. The results highlight a number of critical obstacles, including technical compatibility limitations, grid capacity issues, and a lack of standardization and technical regulations, which are mostly caused by unclear implementation frameworks. These findings are presented through thematic maps and critically interpreted to offer actionable insights for policymakers, port authorities, and industry stakeholders, in order tp support the strategic planning of sustainable port electrification initiatives.
A STUDY ON ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AS AN ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF TOOTHED GEARS
Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, is used globally with big leaps being taken in various important fields, for example in mechanical and mechatronics engineering areas. The purpose of the article consists in the analysis of additive manufacturing methods of gears, as well as their application for obtaining gear samples, which will be analysed both dimensionally and visually. Different additive technologies were compared with the aim of choosing the optimal one so that during manufacturing the environment is not polluted, the 3D printer does not have any loss of toxic material (which is recyclable), but at the same time we want to obtain a transmission that is durable over time and allows for fast manufacturing process with relatively low costs
OPTOMETRIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT FOR PERSONALIZED PROGRESSIVE LENSES BY USING A MECHATRONIC POSITIONING SYSTEM
This article presents tests performed with an optometric parameter measurement device incorporated into a mechatronic positioning system. During testing, it was considered that the correct positioning of the ocular centers of the pupil-centered customized progressive lenses was essential for clear perception of the visualized images. Customized measurements, which are a requirement for people with severe facial asymmetries, were performed using a tablet with special software to capture, process, and convert the pixels that make up the image into a unit of measurement in millimeters. The results obtained with the measuring device led to the high-precision measurements necessary for the construction, design, and manufacture of customized progressive lenses.
MODERN METHODS FOR CREATING CUSTOM EYEGLASS FRAMES THROUGH ADDITIVE AND SUBTRACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
The paper presents two technological processes for obtaining personalized eyeglass frames through additive and subtractive technologies, highlighting the main advantages and disadvantages specific to each technology. The authors also present the CAD-CAM modeling of a personalized eyeglass frame and its execution both through additive technologies, the FDM process from PLA materials and numerically controlled CNC machines from wood, plastic and composite materials.
A SURFACE TEXTURE EVALUATION METHODOLOGY FOR FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING (FDM) 3D PRINTED PARTS USING EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND STATISTICAL MODELING ALGORITHMS, WITH MATLAB
This paper presents, in a concise and practical manner, the results of a comprehensive study evaluating of surface texture characteristics for 3D printed parts using fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. The results of a series of experiments coordinated by the authors were used, employing hybrid techniques and procedures, such as advanced statistical modeling techniques with advanced programming and implementation techniques in MATLAB, validated in numerical applications. Three types of engineering polymers (ABS+, PAHT, PC-FR) were investigated, considering two printing orientations (front and side), with a view to evaluating their influence (e.g., local sensitivity) on surface roughness parameters: Ra, Rz, and Rq. The implementation of the methodology, by incorporating these advanced ideas, techniques, and procedures, using Anova for factorial analysis, a Monte Carlo algorithm, a Pareto analysis, and finally generating a customized MATLAB program, has the stated objective of instantly issuing evaluated and verified recommendations for optimal combinations consisting of pairs of the following types: material orientation, characteristic parameters that play a role in minimizing deviation from target roughness values. The integrated approach of this methodology provides a robust framework to support engineers in selecting the optimal printing parameters to meet the stringent surface finish requirements in FDM applications
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED MODELING OF POWER CONSUMPTION IN DRY TURNING OF 42CrMo4 STEEL
This study presents the development of an artificial intelligence model for predicting power consumption in the dry turning of 42CrMo4 steel. A feedforward neural network (FNN) was designed using experimental data generated through a Central Composite Design approach. The network was trained and validated in MATLAB, achieving high correlation and low prediction errors for both training and test data. Validation with practical experiments demonstrated deviations under 10%, confirming the model’s effectiveness for estimating power demand and supporting energy-efficient process optimization in CNC turning operations.
DIGITAL TWIN FOR INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS USED IN PRODUCTION
The paper aims to address, in a structured way, the necessary steps in order to develop a Digital Twin for a complex process that involves industrial robots used in manufacturing applications. The main goal is to facilitate the design, optimization, and digital validation of robotic cells, and the emphasis is on the integration of kinematic and dynamic modeling of robots, simulation of technological forces, and functional validation. Furthermore, the paper integrates the kinematic and dynamic equations of an ABB IRB 1200 7/0.7 robot and includes the desired trajectories to be followed by the end effector. The application of external forces is correlated with the dynamic responses of the robot (resistant torques in joints or energy consumption). The dynamic model developed thus allows the testing and optimization of work configurations without the need for physical intervention on the real system. The approach presented by the paper allows a thorough understanding concerning the interaction between the parameters of the process and the dynamic behavior of the industrial robotic structure. The paper contributes to the development of a robust, energy-efficient solution that can be adapted to the requirements of modern production.
OPTIMIZING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF COCR DENTAL ALLOY: ENHANCED PRODUCTIVITY WHILE MEETING ISO 22674 MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS
This study investigated the SLM parameter to increase productivity while meeting ISO 22674 mechanical requirements for dental applications (≥500 MPa yield strength, ≥2% elongation). Six parameter sets (M1–M6) were tested. The optimized M5 set (30 µm layer thickness, 85 W laser power, 960 mm/s scan speed, 50 µm hatch spacing) doubled the build-up rate from 0.77 mm³/s to 1.44 mm³/s compared to M1. As-built samples showed 1074–1298 MPa yield strength but only 1.4% elongation. After stress relief treatment (800 °C, 1 h), M5 samples reached 802 MPa yield strength and 2.9% elongation, meeting ISO 22674. Practical validation included 18 dental bridges with proper fit and surface quality. The M5 parameters are compatible with older SLM machines (≤100 W), underscoring the practical relevance and potential impact on productivity.
TECH DRIVEN UPLIFT: HOW LEAN 4.0 ACCELERATES ORGANIZATIONAL GROWTH IN INTRA ORAL SCANNER MANUFACTURING
Intra-oral scanners sit at the crossroads of precision optics, demanding regulatory traceability and a rapidly growing digital-dentistry market. This paper demonstrates how integrating Lean production with Industry 4.0 technologies - an approach hereafter referred to as Lean 4 - simultaneously boosts plant performance and organizational capability inside a medium-volume scanner factory. A cloud-based digital twin was used to map the present value stream and to test alternative flow designs before implementation. The selected solution combined a manufacturing execution system driven by electronic Kanban, optical inspection supported by artificial intelligence, collaborative calibration robots, and real-time dashboards for overall equipment effectiveness, all aligned with the requirements of the International Organization for Standardization standard 13485. After six months, throughput time fell by twenty-nine percent, first-pass yield increased by twenty percent, calibration rework decreased by thirty-five percent, and required floor space shrank by eighteen percent. Equally important, cross-functional, data-centered teams replaced functional silos, reducing decision latency on the shop floor by thirty-seven percent and lifting employee engagement by twenty-two percent. The findings confirm that Lean 4.0 acts as a double lever, delivering waste elimination while generating the organizational agility demanded by fast-moving dental markets.
TEST BENCH AND PROGRAM FOR SIMULATING THE OPERATION AND ACCURACY OF CNC KINEMATIC AXES
The paper presents a test bench for testing a system of kinematic axes that are part of some technological equipment. It shows the bench development and the calculation algorithm for loading the kinematic axes with equivalent loads to those to which they are subjected during operation in the real machine. The bench consists of a support in which all the motors of the kinematic axes of the machine are mounted and a table that supports the other elements of the control system. Discs and electromagnetic brakes that are mounted on the motors’ shafts ensure loads equivalent to those during the machine’s operation. The loading of the motors with inertial loads and static loads is done by appropriately sizing the inertial discs and the braking factor, elements that result from a program developed by the authors. To optimize the control system of the axes the program calculates the load for variable input data. The bench was actually built and equipped for testing the kinematic axes of a five-axis CNC milling machine for the purpose of testing the machine through several interpolation programs. The advantages of the conducted research are summarized in the paper.
STUDY OF THE BONDING FORCES OF THE ALUMINUM ALLOY IN THE CASE OF CYANOACRYLATE-BASED ADHESIVES
This paper presents the results of tests conducted to determine the bonding forces achieved with cyanoacrylate-type adhesives on 7075 series aluminum alloy. This study represents an initial step in assessing the applicability of cyanoacrylate adhesives in the production of bonded assemblies. Specifically, it explores their use for joining aluminum parts that serve identification or aesthetic/design functions. Driven by significant pressure to reduce manufacturing times, bonding technologies are increasingly employed as non-detachable assembly methods, alongside traditional assembly techniques. A key advantage of bonding is its ease of automation, which can considerably shorten manufacturing cycles. Based on the tests performed, the tear strengths of the adhesives were determined. Under the test conditions, notable differences were identified in approximately 53% of the adhesives evaluated. The test results suggest potential for use in the applications for which the tests were conducted.
CUSTOMER-CENTRIC BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION: A MARKETING PERSPECTIVE FROM ROMANIAN SMES
The rapid spread of digital technologies and the constantly shifting needs of consumers are changing daily life and considerably impacting how businesses function and innovate. Small and medium-sized companies must therefore continually alter both their business models and their offerings. This study explores how Romanian SMEs use marketing strategy orientation and customer insights to drive business model innovation. To gather data, a structured questionnaire was distributed to SMEs across various industries. Findings suggest that, in contrast to popular belief, business model innovation cannot be directly predicted by marketing strategy orientation or customer insights alone. Instead, complex, nonlinear relationships emerge, influenced by possibly other organization and environmental factors. The study highlights the limited strategic integration of customer insights and underdeveloped marketing capabilities as barriers to practical business model innovation in the surveyed SMEs. These results contribute to theory by challenging linear norms in mainstream business innovation models and supporting a more context-sensitive approach tailored to different business contexts. The study also provides sound practical advice for SME managers and policymakers by emphasizing the necessity of enhancing marketing capabilities and customer insight systems as key facilitators of successful business model transformation.
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF A 3D PRINTED FLYING WING eVTOL DRONE USED FOR EMERGENCY DELIVERIES
This research focused on the conceptual design of a novel hybrid configuration of a drone. Therefore, a flying wing eVTOL (electric vertical takeoff and landing) is an innovative design that combines the efficiency of a flying wing with the vertical capabilities of an eVTOL. The proposed drone is equipped with a cargo box for emergency medical deliveries. A novel drone development methodology consisting of eight main steps was proposed. The 3D model of the drone was obtained using computer-aided design (CAD) software. A preliminary aerodynamic study for cruise flight was performed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results have shown a flying wing lift force of 89.2 N. A 1:2 scale rapid prototype for testing, which contains a thin shell, a rectangular shape spar, and ribs placed at +/-45 degrees, was proposed and fabricated by 3D printing using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DIGITAL TWIN CONCEPT IN THE CASE STUDY OF A ROBOTIC MANUFACTURING CELL FOR MACHINING OPERATIONS
In the context of the ongoing evolution toward the Industry 4.0 model, the concept of the Digital Twin is emerging as a central element of digital transformation within the industrial environment, providing an integrated framework for the interconnection of physical and virtual processes. The scientific paper presents the implementation of the Digital Twin concept within a company based in Oradea, Romania. The case study focused on a robotic manufacturing cell designed for machining operations. The project involved the integration of physical and virtual components (the digital model) to enable real-time monitoring, data acquisition, and process optimization. The robotic cell includes handling, CNC machining, and subcomponent assembly processes, all digitally represented and executed through a 3D virtual model connected to physical equipment via industrial IoT solutions. Process monitoring within the cell is facilitated through a dedicated interface that provides real-time information. The results confirm that adopting a Digital Twin framework in machining cells significantly contributes to the advancement of smart manufacturing and the integration of Industry 4.0 principles.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL OPTIMIZATION OF A CONTROL STATION HOUSING
This paper presents the constructive-functional optimization of a control station housing, with the objective of improving its mechanical performance and cost-efficiency through modern simulation techniques. The enclosure is designed to ensure explosion resistance and prevent the ingress of dust and liquids, withstanding internal pressures up to 10 bar. The methodology involved an initial assessment of the existing model, definition of working conditions, and the development of 3D models followed by static structural analyses. Based on the simulation results, design modifications were progressively implemented, including the addition of central lugs and adjustments to wall thickness, joint radii, and rib geometry. After conducting 44 static analyses, the optimized solution (Variant 6) demonstrated a significant reduction in equivalent stress from 374 MPa to 209 MPa, below the material yield strength of 220 MPa. Additionally, the weight was reduced by approximately 36%, from 2921.72 g to 1867.03 g. The final design ensures structural integrity under operational conditions while offering material and cost savings.
ANALYTICAL CALCULATION AND DETERMINATION OF VIBRATION MODES OF THE ULTRASONIC SYSTEM USED TO IMPROVE THE WIRE PRODUCTION PROCESS
Ultrasounds represent mechanical vibrations with frequencies generally between 18... and 100000 Hz. Ultrasonic applications are found in destructive testing, ultrasonic cleaning, ultrasonic welding, ultrasonic machining, ultrasonic motors, sonochemistry, ultrasonic flow meters, material characterization, ultrasonography, therapeutic ultrasound, ultrasonic surgery, liposuction, water treatment, air pollution control. A great novelty at the moment is the destruction of cancer cells using the phenomenon of ultrasonic cavitation. In industry, one of the possible, but relatively little studied applications refers to reducing the friction coefficient that occurs in the wire drawing process. This article presents the analytical calculation of the main characteristics of the ultrasonic transducer and the determination using FEM of the vibration eigenmodes, useful in the ultrasonic activation of the drawing die.
ASSESSING RETAIL EMPLOYEES’ PERCEPTIONS OF DIGITALIZATION’S IMPACT ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
Retail workplaces are undergoing rapid digitalization, with technologies such as self-checkout systems, automated inventory management, and AI-based sales analytics promising operational efficiencies. While these tools can reduce physical strain and improve transaction speed, there is growing concern that they may also introduce new cognitive demands, stressors, and ergonomic challenges, reshaping occupational health and safety risks in the sector. This study aims to explore and critically assess how retail employees perceive the impact of digitalization on their occupational health and safety. It addresses questions about perceived physical and psychosocial risks, differences across organizational contexts, and the alignment or tension between employee experiences and managerial narratives of technological progress
STUDY ON MILLING STRATEGIES FOR MACHINING RADIATOR GUARDS USED IN ENDURO COMPETITIONS
Off-road motorcycles are used for both cross enduro and hard enduro. Their use on rough terrain involves certain problems related to the fenders, which are part of these motocross motorcycles. At FM-PARTS, we redesigned and manufactured the fenders from a much more resistant material, compared to the factory one. To carry out this research, it was necessary to redesign the 3D model of the fenders used on KTM 2025 motocross motorcycles. For this 3D model, special devices and tools are required to be able to execute them on the CNC machine.
TRENDS IN THE USE OF NEW TYPES OF FUELS FOR THE FOUR-STROKE ENGINES
Concerns over limited petroleum reserves, geopolitical instability in oil-producing countries and the effects of fossil fuel emissions over the environment have influenced the development of commercial gasoline blended with biofuels for four-stroke engines. Bioalcohols are fuels obtained from biomass and they contain C, H and O atoms in their molecules. In this paper, a comparative study was conducted between bioethanol and a blend of gasoline (90%) with bioethanol (10%), trying to understand where the quality differences come from and how bioethanol can influence te final quality of the formulated commercial product. Further, physicochemical analyses like density, viscosity, vapor pressure were performed for the products. Currently, the percentage of bioethanol added to gasoline is reconsidered for ecological reasons.
DEVELOPMENT AND SIMULATION OF A DYNAMIC MODEL OF A MINI MILLING CENTER USING MATLAB-SIMULINK
This paper presents a dynamic, axis-level model of a mini milling center implemented in MATLAB/Simulink with Simscape. Each translational axis is modeled as a closed-loop electromechanical drive—motor, coupling, ball-screw, sled, and encoder—regulated by a PID controller. The primary aim is a realistic virtual-commissioning model for controller tuning and scenario testing prior to hardware deployment, rather than a full process-level digital twin. The model captures the dominant electromechanical dynamics and allows disturbance injection via cutting forces. The axes are also represented as a 3D multibody assembly. Several operating modes are simulated to assess positioning accuracy and closed-loop stability. Results indicate that the approach is effective for controller adjustment and virtual testing of control algorithms, supporting open-architecture mini-mill solutions for education, prototyping, and applied research.
DYNAMIC MODELING AND SIMULATION OF AN AUTONOMOUS MOBILE ROBOT FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS USING MATLAB/SIMULINK
This paper presents the development and the simulations of a virtual dynamic model for a mobile robot that can be used in industrial applications. The dynamic model was developed using the MATLAB/Simulink platform and the Simscape library. The main goal is to build a “digital twin” that allows the analysis of the dynamic behavior of the robot under various operating conditions. The dynamic model takes into account friction forces, component masses, inertia and various motion configurations. The model includes a modular approach that integrates kinematic actuator blocks, transposed Jacobian matrices and detailed modeling of resistive forces. The analyzed configuration includes locomotion based on conventional wheels and differential traction but reaching the target points through different types of motion, to highlight the differences in maneuverability and energy efficiency.
HIGH FEED MILLING OF PRETREATED TOOL STEEL 55NiCrMoV7
When milling the vertical walls, shoulder milling is generally necessary. In the case of deep walls, using a long-edge cutter tends to vibrate. In addition to the low machining speeds, the machining accuracy is negatively affected. The main objective of this work is to experimentally analyze the machining of vertical walls in the case of pretreated tool steel 55 NiCrMoV7 using a high-feed milling cutter with indexable inserts. The experimental analysis aims to study the influence of cutting conditions (cutting speed, axial and radial cutting depths, feed per tooth) on tool life (cutting tool wear) in the case of machining vertical walls. Based on the resulting experimental data, the conclusion is that cutting speed has a predominant direct influence on tool life, not being influenced by variations in feed rate or feed per tooth.
IDENTIFICATION OF SIGNIFICANT FDM PROCESS PARAMETERS INFLUENCING DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED COMPONENTS
Additive manufacturing has increasingly found application in both industrial practice and scientific research in recent years. Due to its accessibility, flexibility, and rapid prototyping capabilities, Fused Deposition Modelling additive technology has become an integral part of development processes. Consequently, additively manufactured components frequently require subsequent modification, optimization, or re-documentation. In this context, the role of reverse geometric modelling gains importance. While this process is relatively stable for conventional components, the dimensional accuracy of CAD models derived from FDM parts is significantly affected by manufacturing deviations induced by printing parameters. This study presents a preliminary experiment aimed at identifying the FDM parameters influencing the dimensional accuracy of cylindrical components. The objective is to exclude insignificant factors from subsequent experiments focused on enhancing the precision of reverse geometric modelling. Four factors were investigated: layer height, infill density, wall thickness, and cut position. Based on ANOVA and Pareto analysis, layer height and cut position were identified as statistically significant, whereas infill density and wall thickness showed no statistically significant impact. The results facilitate a more efficient design of future experiments and contribute to improving the dimensional accuracy of 3D CAD models obtained via reverse geometric modelling.
MICRO-GEOMETRIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF FDM 3D PRINTED PARTS USING COMPUTER TOMOGRAPH IMAGING
This paper presents a structural and micro-geometric analysis of Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printed parts using Computed Tomography imaging as a non-destructive evaluation tool. Samples were fabricated using a Prusa MK4S, with key parameters such as wall line count, wall thickness, and infill density, systematically varied. The 3D geometry and internal structure of the printed parts were scanned using an industrial CT system, a Bruker SkyScan 1272. Based on the CT results, the actual density of each sample was calculated and compared with the values provided by the manufacturer. An ANOVA statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of the FDM parameters that were previously varied on the measured density variability. Additionally, qualitative inspection of the CT data enabled identification of characteristic manufacturing defects, including deformations on the interface between rectangular and cylindrical surfaces, weak layer adhesion between macro-volumes, and filament detachment at sharp toolpath transitions (≥45°). These findings provide critical insights into the microstructural fidelity of FDM processes and support future optimization strategies for additive manufacturing reliability.
ANALYTICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF AN SSC KINEMATIC ROBOT LIMB CONCEPT
This paper presents the analytical and computational modeling of a robotic limb concept based on an SSC (Spherical–Spherical–Cylindrical) kinematic configuration, aimed at replicating the motion of an upper limb segment. The study focuses on the development of a Python-based simulation tool that facilitates both the validation of the mathematical model and graphical visualization of spatial trajectories in biomechanically inspired mechanisms. The modeled structure includes two spherical and one cylindrical joint, providing a simplified framework for studying articulated motion. The kinematic behavior of the system is described using position equations derived from forward kinematics, capturing the spatial orientation and displacement of the end-effector. The Python implementation integrates focused libraries such as NumPy and Matplotlib, employing a structured numerical approach to compute and visualize the limb's trajectory. The application supports user-defined input parameters, with preset configurations available for validation purposes. The results confirm that the SSC-based Python model reliably simulates the articulated motion of an upper limb, supporting its use in kinematic analysis, educational environments and biomechanical simulations.
BEYOND TECHNOLOGY: LEADERSHIP, SKILLS AND ECOSYSTEM CHALLENGES IN ROMANIA’S TRANSITION TO INDUSTRY 5.0
As global industry moves toward the human-centered paradigm of Industry 5.0, understanding how national manufacturing systems adapt has become a key research priority. This paper presents an empirical, cross-sectional study exploring the digital readiness and human-centered capabilities of Romanian manufacturing firms. A five-part questionnaire was administered to 22 operational and strategic leaders from firms of varying size and structure. The instrument explored organizational readiness in five areas: digital maturity, AI investment intentions, resource adequacy, perceived benefits and barriers to automation, and key competencies for sustainable transformation. The findings reveal limited familiarity with Industry 5.0 principles and uneven progress in digital integration, especially among SMEs. While AI is broadly recognized for its operational efficiency and informed decision-making, barriers such as lack of expertise, high implementation costs, and cultural resistance persist. Participants highlighted the importance of leadership, collaboration, and adaptability as essential complements to technical knowledge. This study supports the need for integrated strategies that align people, processes, and technology to support Romania’s transition to Industry 5.0. These insights can contribute to policy formulation, workforce development, and strategic planning across emerging industrial contexts.
RESEARCH ON COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF A WILLOW STRUCTURE MANUFACTURED USING FDM TECHNOLOGY
In the context of industrial product remanufacturing, internal structures can be optimized beyond those automatically generated by slicing software, through innovative geometries. This study investigates the compressive behavior of a Willow structure proposed by Snapp et al, which demonstrated a mechanical energy absorption efficiency coefficient of KS=75.2%. To rigorously evaluate the potential of this geometry as an infill in applications requiring high energy absorption capacity and low weight, it is necessary to assess the influence of the material on the performance of the Willow structure. The structure was manufactured using the FFF/FDM technology with a 0.6 mm nozzle and three different materials: PLA, PETG, and carbon fiber-reinforced PET (PET CF15). The aim of the paper is to offer to the readers a comparative study on comprehensive behavior of Willow structure manufactured using FDM technology and the selected materials. Standardized tests on cylindrical specimens, according to ASTM D695, revealed the superior material performance of PET CF15. However, in the case of Willow structure with thin walls, material performance rankings changed due to the tendency of PET CF15 layers to slide and delaminate under load, caused by the random orientation of carbon fibers. Specimens were microscopically analyzed both before and after compression testing to identify material defects and failure modes. This study highlights the influence of carbon fibers on the performance of Willow structures and proposes future research directions.
PRINTER FOR THIN LAYERS SPRAYING OF NANOPARTICLE DISPERSION
Air pollution and the trend for glass walls and large windows in the buildings have focused attention on the need of having self-cleaning glass as affordable and efficient as possible. This paper presents research aspects on the design and prototype of a printer for nanoparticle dispersion spraying. It has been integrated into a technological system for producing self-cleaning and antibacterial glass. Tests carried on the produced glass samples proved very good self-cleaning properties and, relatively, adequate, antibacterial property. Further research development will focus on scaling the equipment for mass production.
STUDY REGARDING THE USAGE OF 3D PRINTED SPECIMENS FOR VALIDATING BIOENGINEERING EXPERIMENTAL REASEARCHES
This study is focused upon highlighting the usage of 3D-printed specimens to pre-validate experimental research on bone structures, an approach which offers several advantages. These models enable precise replication of complex anatomical geometries, allowing for controlled testing conditions and repeatability. They reduce the reliance on cadaveric or animal bones, lowering ethical concerns and costs. Additionally, 3D printing facilitates rapid prototyping and customization, making it ideal for simulating specific pathologies or implant scenarios. This approach enhances the reliability and efficiency of biomechanical studies before proceeding to clinical or in vivo phases.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR QUALITY CONTROL IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: METHODS, METRICS AND INDUSTRIAL READINESS
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming quality control in additive manufacturing (AM) by introducing automation, predictive analysis, and higher accuracy throughout the production process. AI-powered methods address common 3D printing challenges such as defect detection, process variability, and equipment failures, enabling more reliable and efficient manufacturing. This paper reviews key applications of AI in AM quality control from 2018–2025, focusing on defect detection, predictive maintenance, and process optimization. The contribution of this study lies in mapping methods to AM processes, reporting performance outcomes, and identifying current limitations for industrial adoption.
RESEARCH ON TOOL WEAR EVALUATION IN GRAPHITE MILLING
The paper was developed as part of a collaboration between the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca – Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Robotics and Production Management – and Guhring SRL Company. The aim of this study is to implement a milling technology for graphite machining, as Guhring did not previously possess this capability. The objectives of the research include the development of improved tool geometry and coating for graphite milling, focusing on optimizing cutter design, enhancing coating performance, and minimizing tool wear during the machining process.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING URBAN HEAT ISLANDS – CASE STUDY – THE SOUTHERN AREA OF ROMANIA
The urban heat island is the phenomenon by which cities become considerably warmer due to the absorption and retention of heat by built surfaces. The study of urban heat islands is a current topic in Romania as well. In this paper, we present a methodology for detecting climate change using extreme values of air temperature and atmospheric precipitation. Modeling urban heat islands (UHI) using GIS tools and climate software involves the integration of spatial and atmospheric data to analyze the temperature distribution and the impact of urban factors on the microclimate. In the case of this paper, we conducted a data collection covering the period 2017 -2025, regarding a series of atmospheric parameters from 58 locations related to air quality monitoring stations in 8 geographical areas of Romania. Due to the limitations of the size of the presented study, the limitation was made to the south-eastern area of Romania – which includes a set of 9 monitoring stations – 4 stations in Galaţi County and 4 stations in Brăila County. The algorithm used includes: multivariate analysis - based on the PCA method, clustering - based on methods such as k-means to group the stations according to thermal behavior and comparative graphs between stations, thermal and vector maps (for wind), correlation and regression diagrams, etc. Using spatial interpolation procedures based on methods such as IDW or Kriging to create thermal maps, we managed to obtain a zonal classification: divide the city into zones (central, peripheral, green, etc.) and compare the essential parameters
REVISTING INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE DIMENSIONS IN THE ERA OF AI: A CONCEPTUAL AND INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
Individual performance remains a central topic for both scholars and organizations. Although commonly regarded as a multidimensional construct, its precise dimensions continue to be debated. COVID-19, intensified competition, and advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have broadened the focus beyond task and contextual performance, highlighting the growing relevance of adaptive and creative/innovative performance (CIP). This study presents an integrative review of the dimensions of individual performance and proposes a conceptual framework that reflects today’s complex organizational landscape, introducing augmentative performance as a novel dimension.
STUDY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION EFFECTIVENESS OF A MACHINE LEARNING SOLUTION COST-EFFECTIVE PRODUCT QUALITY OPTIMIZATION IN MANUFACTURING LEADERSHIP
This study explores the implementation effectiveness of machine learning (ML) solutions aimed at cost-effective product quality optimization within manufacturing leadership. Through field data collected from multiple global manufacturing plants, the author identifies deployment challenges, revealing strategic weakness in the three out of ten chosen parameters—particularly strategic triggers, scalability planning, and process justification—scored significantly low. These insights highlight the gap between ML potential and real-world execution. The paper proposes a structured framework integrating CRISP-DM and Agile methodologies to address these weaknesses. Key strategies include aligning ML initiatives with business goals, enhancing scalability planning, and embedding ML into core process controls to drive sustainable quality leadership.
A MULTIDIMENSIONAL VECTOR-BASED MODEL FOR QUANTIFYING CONSCIOUSNESS INSPIRED BY LLM ARCHITECTURES