CONCEPT FOR A BALANCED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CONFIGURATION

István GERE, Ovidiu-Florin BOTOȘ, Liviu ANCUȚESCU

Abstract


Conventional internal combustion engines (ICEs) inherently suffer from imbalances due to the reciprocating motion of their components, leading to vibrations, wear, and mechanical inefficiencies. In this paper, we propose a novel engine configuration based on four interconnected hypocycloidal straight-line mechanisms, designed to eliminate both translational force imbalances and torque fluctuations. We present the mechanical concept as a physics problem, followed by theoretical calculations showing that the proposed system results in zero net force and torque due to its symmetric design. An experimental prototype was constructed using CAD modeling and manufactured from acrylic glass. Measurements performed with an accelerometer confirm the theoretical predictions: the engine remains stable during operation, and imbalances arise only when the piston synchrony is disrupted. Our results demonstrate that such a configuration offers a mechanically balanced alternative to conventional ICE layouts, with potential applications in vibration-free piston-based engine designs.

Full Text:

PDF

References


W. B. Dalby, The Balancing of Engines, Third Edition, London 1906, https://archive.org/details/balancingofengin00dalbrich/page/n9/mode/2up

T. Ramachandran, K. P. Padmanaban, Review on internal combustion engine vibrations and mountings, International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Emerging Technologies, 2012, 3, 63–73 https://www.ijeset.com/media/8N5-IJESET0202516.pdf

J.B. Heywood, Internal combustion engine fundamentals, Second edition, McGraw-Hill Education 2018, https://www.accessengineeringlibrary.com/content/book/9781260116106

F. I. T. Petrescu, V. Relly, Balancing Otto Engines, International Review of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 8, 3 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282778597_Balancing_Otto_Engines

M. Fonte, V. Anes, P. Duarte, M. Freitas, Crankshaft failure analysis of a boxer diesel motor, Engineering Failure Analysis, 2015, 56,109-115 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.03.014

N. T. Han, D. V. Quan, D. T. Binh, N. T. Cong, Effects of Internal Combustion Engine Vibrations on Vehicle Ride Comfort, World Journal of Research and Review, 2021, 12 (6), 25-28 https://doi.org/10.31871/WJRR.12.6.9

F. Longoni, A. Hagglund, F. Ripamonti, P.L.M. Pennacchi, Powertrain Modal Analysis for Defining the Requirements for a Vehicle Drivability Study, Machines, 2022, 10, 1120, https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10121120

N. Guan, A. Wang, Y. Gu, Z. Xie, M. Zhou, A Novel Coaxial Balance Mechanism for Reciprocating Piston Engines, Applied Sciences, 2021, 11, 5647 https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125647

D-Y Lin, B-J Hou, C-C Lan, A balancing cam mechanism for minimizing the torque fluctuation of engine camshafts, Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2017, 108, 160-175 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2016.10.023

S. A. Musamar, A. Alrousan, I. Tlili, Effect of cylinder-liner rotation on wear rate: An experimental study, Heliyon, 2019, 5, e02065 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02065

M. Fonte, v. Anes, P. Duarte, L. Reis, M. Freitas, Crankshaft failure analysis of a boxer diesel motor, Engineering Failure Analysis, 2015, 56, 109-115 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.03.014

A. Zouani, S. Hanim, Overview of noise and vibration in automotive engines. International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration 2016, 12, 162–181. http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=79054

A.P. Carlucci, F.F. Chiara, D. Laforgia, Analysis of the relation between injection parameter variation and block vibration of an internal combustion diesel engine. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2006, 295, 141–164 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2005.12.054

A. Ågren, Ö. Johansson, M. Klopotek, Noise reduction of diesel engines with internal stiffeners. Noise Control Engineering Journal 1997, 45, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3397/1.2828421

S.Y. Li, Z.C. Yuan, J.Y. Ma, M. Liu, Y.X. Yu, Balance and Vibration analysis on an in-line five cylinders engine. Advanced Materials Research 2013, 694, 297–301. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.694-697.297

R. Aversa, R.V. Petrescu, B. Akash, R. Bucinell, J. Corchado, G. Chen, S. Li, A. Apicella, F.I. Petrescu, Something about the balancing of thermal motors. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2017, 10, 200–217. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2017.200.217

H. Mahdisoozani, M. Mohsenizadeh, M. Bahiraei, A. Kasaeian, A. Daneshvar, M. Goodarzi, M.R. Safaei, Performance Enhancement of Internal Combustion Engines through Vibration Control: State of the Art and Challenges. Applied Sciences 2019 ,9(3) ,406. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9030406

T. Suzuki, T. Kakegawa, K. Hikino, A. Obata, Development of Diesel Combustion for Commercial Vehicles. SAE Technical Paper 972685, 1997 https://doi.org/10.4271/972685

J. Razzini, M. Vandresen, Three Cylinder Engine Balancing Model, SAE Technical Paper 2020-36-0097, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-36-0097

Z. Xie, Q. Xu, N. Guan, A new closed-form method for inertia force and moment calculation in reciprocating piston engine design. Science China Technological Sciences 61, 879–885 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-017-9184-x

J. Qiu, C. Pan, X. Mu, M. Zhou Design and Simulation of an Electronically Controlled Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine to Lower Emissions. Journal of Energy Engineering 2017, 143, 04017024. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000453

Y. Cui, H. Mu, X. Yi, S. Wei, Reliability Optimization Design of Diesel Engine System Based on the GO Method. Applied Sciences, 2023, 13, 3727. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063727


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


JOURNAL INDEXED IN :